International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 Volume 5 Issue 6, June 2016 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY A Comparative Analysis on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four Stroke CI Engine with Diesel, Hazelnut and Corn Bio-Diesel Blends as Fuel T. Krishnaiah 1 , Dr. V. Pandurangadu 2 1 M.Tech, (Ph.D) Department of Mechanical, Gates Institute of Technology, Gooty, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Ph.D, Professor, Department of Mechanical, Rector, JNTUA, Anantapuramu, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract: An experimental analysis was carried out to investigate two types of non edible oils (Hazelnut and Corn) blended with conventional diesel fuel approximately with proportions of 5%, 10 % , 15%, 20% and 25% by volume in a 4-stroke single cylinder, vertical, water cooled, Compression Ignition engine. Number of experimental trials were conducted with the above bio-diesel blends as fuel operated in the engine working at all loads from minimum to maximum. An analysis was made to compare the results such as exhaust emission characteristics like NOx emissions, CO emissions, smoke density, and total and partially unburned hydrocarbons. Performance parameters like brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC), brake Thermal efficiency(BTHE), and exhaust gas temperatures(EGT) for all blends prepared by blending the bio-diesels mentioned above with conventional diesel fuel separately with different proportions listed in the work. In this work CI engine is giving better performance with blend B20 for both diesels used as fuel when compare with remaining blends of both bio-diesels. But when compare with these B20 blends are showing marginal decrease in the performance parameters. Engine working with bio-diesel blends as fuel are showing noticeable reduction in exhaust emissions like carbon monoxides (CO), hydro carbons(HC) and slight increase in oxides of nitrogen(NOx) when compared with conventional neat diesel fuel.. Bio-diesel blend prepared from hazelnut bio-diesel showing better properties next to diesel fuel when compared with remaining bio-diesels used in the present work. This blend is showing better engine performance and decreased engine emissions when compared with Corn bio-diesel blends. After hazel nut oil immediately corn is giving better performance. Keywords: hazelnut, corn, Biodiesel, Emissions, Performance parameters 1. Introduction Along with techniques related to the engine to meet emission regulations imposed [1–4], researchers of engine are also focusing their interest on the domain of fuel-related techniques, such as for example oxygenated fuels which are able to decrease particulate emissions [5–10]and alternative gaseous fuels that are renewable in nature. To develop the sources of alternate fuel, many countries of the world are stepping forward by paying considerable attention. Alternative fuel which are produced from the products of agriculture are reducing the oil imports in the world. They are also supporting agricultural industries, which increases the farming incomes despite of all these advantages they are also reducing the exhaust emissions. The bio fuels which are considered as most promising fuels are the fuels derived from vegetable oils, bio alcohols, and vegetable oils. Among all the industries in the world bio fuel production is one of the rapidly growing industries. In spark ignition engines bio-ethanol is the primary alternative to gasoline. Vegetable oil and their derived bio fuel as well as diesel fuel mixing with small proportions of ethanol are alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. Whereas other alternative fuels like bio-mass derived hydro-carbon fuel, bio-butanol and hydrogen are being research at present which are considered as alternative fuel for next generation. Apart from renewability, bio-fuels are more advantageous than normal diesel in some aspects like they are having very less sulphur content and aromatic contents, higher lubricity, higher flash point, non-toxicity and higher bio-degradability. On the other side the disadvantages of bio-fuels includes very high pour point, very high viscosity, the lower cetane number, lower volatility and lower calorific value. One of the great disadvantages of bio-fuel is its highly increased viscosity, which is approximately 10-20 times greater than normal diesel fuel. More over short term tests by using bio- fuels are giving promising results but when engine has been operated for longer periods then problems are appearing, which includes more carbon deposits, injector coking with trumpet formation, piston oil ring sticking, as well as the thickness of engine lubricating oil also increases. The following methods are adopted to avoid the problems associated with their high viscosity. Micro emulsification with methanol or ethanol blending in small blend ratios with diesel fuel, cracking, preheating and conversion in to bio-fuel mainly through the transisterification process. [22–25]. The advantages of bio-diesels as diesel fuel, apart from renewability, are the minimal sulfur and aromatic content, the higher flash point, the higher lubricity, the higher cetane number, and the higher biodegradability and non-toxicity. On the other hand, their disadvantages include the higher viscosity (though much lower than the vegetable oils one), the higher pour point, the lower calorific value and the lower volatility. Furthermore, their oxidation stability is lower, they are hygroscopic, and as solvents they may cause corrosion of components, attacking some plastic materials used for seals, hoses, paints and coatings. They show increased dilution and Paper ID: NOV164361 http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/v5i6.NOV164361 1611