The Conversationalisation of Political Discourse
A comparative view
Norman Fairclough Anna Mauranen
University of Lancaster University of Joensuu
1. Change in political discourse
There's a very general perception that politics is currently changing, in transition.
In the western world at least how far these changes and perceptions of change
spread internationally is not too clear. For many it's a crisis of politics. Some
people see it as the political being squeezed out of contemporary social life.
Others see it more as a relocation of the political from the empty shells of the
political system, towards what some call 'subpolitics', the politics of the new
grassroots social movements like the ecologists. The wider aim of work on
political discourse we are embarking on together and separately is to bring a
specifically discourse analytical perspective to bear on this debate, asking how the
order of discourse of politics is changing. In our collaboration we aim to do so
contrastively, and in this paper we do so by comparing changes in one particular
genre of political discourse from the late 1950s to the 1990s in Britain and
Finland: the broadcast political interview. The data we shall draw upon consists
of a set of interviews with British and Finnish Prime Ministers during this period.
One major problem in this work is delimiting the political. Where does
politics end? This is not just the analyst's problem, it's a structural problem of
social life. We find it helpful here to use a characterization of politics suggested
by David Held: he suggests that politics is the interaction of different societal
systems (in his terms: the political system, the social system, and the economy).
The nature of politics in different times and places is a matter of how these
systems differently interact. This means that the limits of the political are
constantly at issue: what is the relationship between the state and civil society?;
how politicised is domestic life?; and so forth. It implies that social spaces and
practices may become politicised, depoliticised, and repoliticised. For instance,
there is a tendency in contemporary societies for certain aspects of government to
become depoliticised (Wright 1994), by being reconstrued either as matters for
Belgian Journal of Linguistics 11 (1997), 89–119. DOI1010.1075/bjl.11.06fai
ISSN 0774–5141 / E-ISSN 1569–9676 © John Benjamins Publishing Company