OCTOBER 2007 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 1525 OCTOBER 2007 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 1525
T
he Harry Wexler Pa-
pers in the Library
of Congress contain
a copy of Aviation Week
for 3 February 1958 with
a black-and-white image
on the cover depicting
how the Earth and its
weather systems might
appear as transmitted by
television from a satellite
vehicle. I had seen the
magazine in the library
of the National Air and
Space Museum and had
also found black-and-
white glossy prints of
the image many times in
various collections—in
one case, with the in-
triguing caption, “taken
from an original color
image.” I had looked for
the color image, to no
avail, in the National
Archives, NOAA Cen-
tral Library, and elsewhere. Tinking I would simply
return the magazine to its archival box, a color photo-
graph fell out of the front of the magazine. I whooped
for joy. Librarians and patrons looked askance. Here it
was (Fig. 1), a photograph of the color painting Wexler
had commissioned in 1954.
Wexler used the black-and-white version of the
image in his lectures in 1954 at the Hayden Plan-
etarium symposium on space travel, and in 1956 at
the honors-night dinner talk before the American
Astronautical Society. Encouraged by the novelist
and futurist Arthur C. Clarke, Wexler published
versions of his remarks in the Journal of the British
Interplanetary Society (vol. 13, pp. 269–276) and in
the Journal of Astronautics (vol. 4, pp. 1–6). In his
lectures he made a strong claim for the utility of the
meteorological satellite, not only as a “storm patrol,”
but also as a potentially revolutionary new tool with
global capabilities (Wexler 1956; Logsdon 1998).
Since the satellite will be the frst vehicle contrived
by man that will be entirely out of the infuence of
weather, it may at frst glance appear rather startling
that this same vehicle will introduce a revolution-
ary chapter in meteorological science—not only by
improving global weather observing and forecast-
AFFILIATION: FLEMING—Science, Technology and Society Pro-
gram, Colby College, Waterville, Maine
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: James Fleming, Science, Technol-
ogy and Society Program, Colby College, 5881 Mayflower Hill,
Waterville, ME 04901
E-mail: jfleming@colby.edu
DOI:10.1175/BAMS-88-10-1525
©2007 American Meteorological Society
A 1954 COLOR PAINTING OF WEATHER SYSTEMS
AS VIEWED FROM A FUTURE SATELLITE
BY JAMES FLEMING
FIG. 1. Weather systems
over North America as they
might appear from a satellite
4,000 miles above Amarillo,
Texas, on June 21. The paint-
ing was commissioned by
Dr. Harry Wexler, director
of meteorological research,
U.S. Weather Bureau. Sur-
face features are drawn tak-
ing into account Earth’s
normal colors, reflectiv-
ity of sunlight, and scatter-
ing and depleting effects of
light passing through the
atmosphere, with calculated
brightness of various cloud
types. Weather features
include a family of three
cyclonic storms extending
southwest from Hudson Bay
to Texas; a similar system over the Bay of Alaska; small hurricane developing near
Puerto Rico; meeting zone of northeast and southeast trade winds, extending west
of the Isthmus of Panama to mid-Pacific; line squall in the eastern U.S.; scattered
cumulus clouds over heated land areas; lenticular clouds usually found where the jet
stream crosses mountains, as over the northern Canadian Rockies; and low stratus
and fog off the California coast, over the Great Lakes, and in the Newfoundland area.
(SOURCE: Harry Wexler Papers, Library of Congress)
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