Research Article
Determinants of Walking among Middle-Aged and Older
Overweight and Obese Adults: Sociodemographic, Health, and
Built Environmental Factors
Samuel N. Forjuoh,
1,2
Marcia G. Ory,
2
Jaewoong Won,
3
Samuel D. Towne Jr.,
2
Suojin Wang,
4
and Chanam Lee
3
1
Department of Family & Community Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center,
Temple, TX, USA
2
Department of Health Promotion & Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University,
College Station, TX, USA
3
Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
4
Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Samuel N. Forjuoh; samuel.forjuoh@bswhealth.org
Received 15 March 2017; Accepted 31 May 2017; Published 4 July 2017
Academic Editor: Eliot Brinton
Copyright © 2017 Samuel N. Forjuoh et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Background. Tis study examined the association between selected sociodemographic, health, and built environmental factors
and walking behaviors of middle-aged and older overweight/obese adults. Methods. Subjective data were obtained from surveys
administered to community-dwelling overweight/obese adults aged ≥50 years residing in four Texas cities from October 2013
to June 2014, along with objective data on neighborhood walkability (Walk Score6). Multivariate logistic regression identifed
factors predicting the odds of walking the recommended ≥150 minutes per week for any purpose. Results. Of 253 participants,
the majority were non-Hispanic white (81.8%), married (74.5%), and male (53.4%) and reported an annual income of ≥$50,000
(65.5%). Approximately, half were employed (49.6%) or had at least a college degree (51.6%). Walking the recommended ≥150
minutes per week for any purpose ( = 57, 22.5%) was signifcantly associated with having at least a college degree (OR = 5.55,
95% CI = 1.79–17.25), having no difculty walking a quarter of a mile (OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 1.30–20.83), and being unemployed
(OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.18–8.93) as well as perceived presence of sidewalks/protected walkways (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.10–11.50)
and perceived absence of distracted drivers in the neighborhood (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.47–11.36). Conclusion. Addressing
neighborhood conditions related to distracted drivers and pedestrian infrastructure may promote walking among middle-aged
and older overweight/obese individuals.
1. Introduction
Te global public health burden of obesity is well established
as is the infuence of physical activity on the health and well-
being of individuals who are overweight or obese [1, 2]. In
the United States, obesity is a major public health problem
for all ages, but particularly for middle-aged and older adults
who do not seem to engage in adequate physical activity.
Tis is a timely issue given projections that those aged 65
years or older are expected to nearly double between 2012
and 2050 [3]. In fact, obesity is higher among middle-aged
and older adults than among their younger counterparts
[4]. Approximately two-thirds of the adult population in the
United States is overweight and nearly one-third is obese
[4, 5], yet most do not get adequate physical activity [6].
Te federal 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Amer-
icans recommend adults to avoid inactivity and have at least
150 minutes of moderate-intensive aerobic activity weekly
and muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days
every week. For older adults who cannot do 150 minutes
Hindawi
Journal of Obesity
Volume 2017, Article ID 9565430, 11 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9565430