Journal of Transportation Technologies, 2016, 6, 192-199
Published Online July 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jtts
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2016.64019
How to cite this paper: Rafukka, I.A., Sahari, B.B., Nuraini, A. and Manohar, A. (2016) Anthropometric Comparison of
Three-Year-Old Nigerian Child and Crash Dummies. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 6, 192-199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2016.64019
Anthropometric Comparison of
Three-Year-Old Nigerian Child
and Crash Dummies
Ibrahim Abdullahi Rafukka
1,2*
, Barkawi Bin Sahari
1
, Abdulaziz Nuraini
1
,
Arumugam Manohar
3
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
3
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Received 4 May 2016; accepted 12 July 2016; published 15 July 2016
Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
In this work, anthropometric data measured from three-year-old Nigerian child were compared
with United States anthropometric database collected by Snyder, 1977 which formed the basis of
US anthropometry used today. Further comparison was also carried out with the dimensions of
crash dummies: Hybrid III three-year-old (HIII 3YO) and Q3s dummies in order to determine the
validity of using such crash dummies for safety evaluation of cars and child restraint systems (CRS)
used for Nigerian children. Anthropometric survey was performed on 30 Nigerian children aged
2.5 to 3.5 years old. Twenty three standard measurements were taken from each child including
the weight, height and circumferences etc. Various percentiles mean and standard deviation val-
ues were obtained and compared with international database. As observed, the dimensions of
three-year-old Nigerian child appeared to be about 25% lower than US data reported by Snyder.
Significant difference was also found between the dimensions of three-year-old Nigerian child and
crash dummies. This study provides the external dimensions of 3-year-old Nigerian child that
could be used for crash dummy and CRS design.
Keywords
Anthropometry, Crash Dummies, Child Restraint System, Measurement, Vehicle Safety
*
Corresponding author.