Public Relations Journal Special Issue:
Public Relations Practices in Asia (August 2017)
© 2017 Institute for Public Relations
Gift in Our Life: How Gift-giving Culture Affects Media
Relations in Vietnam
Tham Nguyen
Gaylord College
University of Oklahoma
Katerina Tsetsura
Gaylord College
University of Oklahoma
Corresponding author: Tham Nguyen, nguyenlila@ou.edu
Abstract
This article examines gift-giving practice in Vietnamese media relations. Using the
anthropological perspective on gift giving (Sherry, 1983), this study developed a theoretical
framework for understanding gift-giving in public relations through: (1) the gift itself; (2) the
consequences of gift-giving and gift taking actions (or consequences for gift-givers and
recipients); and (3) the actors’ own understanding of the gift, action structure, and motives (or
the situational conditions). This exploratory study reported the results of 31 online surveys
and 17 interviews with public relations practitioners in Vietnam about gift-giving practices in
media relations to provide evidence of potential impacts of the gift-giving culture on editorial
decisions. The findings revealed that viewing gift-giving practices as cultural norms and
bribery are two major conflicting approaches to gift-giving among public relations
practitioners in Vietnam. Although only one interviewee had mentioned the reason of gift-
giving as being influenced by the limitation of freedom of speech, this is a significant finding.
Also noticeable is that giving gifts for commercial purposes might sometimes be considered
rude and offensive to some media practitioners who follow professional standards. This study
suggested theoretical and practical implications of the findings and a theoretical framework
of gift-giving practices in public relations that may explain differences in media relations
between Western and some Asian countries that have different understandings of the gift-
giving concept.
Keywords: media transparency, gift-giving practices, Vietnam, media relations
Introduction
Gift-giving refers to a gift exchange process between the giver and receiver that
includes the gift-giver’s time, activities, and ideas (Liu, Lu, Liang, & Wei, 2010). D’Souza
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