Proceedings of the 2020 Winter Simulation Conference
K.-H. Bae, B. Feng, S. Kim, S. Lazarova-Molnar, Z. Zheng, T. Roeder, and R. Thiesing, eds.
ON THE USE OF SIMHEURISTICS TO OPTIMIZE SAFETY-STOCK LEVELS IN MATERIAL
REQUIREMENTS PLANNING WITH RANDOM DEMANDS
Barry B. Barrios
Angel A. Juan
Javier Panadero
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya – IN3
Euncet Business School
Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 5
Castelldefels, 08860, SPAIN
Klaus Altendorfer
Andreas J. Peirleitner
School of Business and Management
University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria
Wehrgrabengasse 1-3
Steyr, 4400, AUSTRIA
Alejandro Estrada-Moreno
Dept. d’Enginyeria Inform` atica i Matem` atiques
Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Av. Pa¨ ısos Catalans 26
Tarragona, 43007, SPAIN
ABSTRACT
Material requirements planning (MRP) integrates the planning of production, scheduling, and inventory
activities in a manufacturing process. Many approaches to MRP management focus either on the simulation
of the system (without considering optimization aspects) or in its optimization (without considering stochastic
aspects). This paper analyzes a MRP version in which the demand of final products in each period is a
random variable. The goal is then to find the optimal safety-stock configuration of both the product and
the parts, i.e.: the configuration that minimizes the expected total cost. This total cost is given by: (i) the
inventory cost; and (ii) a penalty cost generated by the occurrence of stock outs. To solve this stochastic
optimization problem, a spreadsheet simulation model is proposed and a heuristic procedure is employed
over it. A numerical example illustrates the main concepts of the proposed approach as well as its potential.
1 INTRODUCTION
Material requirements planning (MRP) refers to a planning and push control system that minimizes the
inventory levels while ensuring the material availability (Krajewski and Ritzman 2005). According to
Orlicky (1975), an MRP system “consists of a set of logically related procedures, decision rules, and
records designed to translate a master production schedule into time-phased net requirements”. Hence, an
MRP system allows for determining the number of parts, components, and materials required during the
generation of each final product. Hence, MRP systems are traditionally employed by factories that make
use of assembly operations during the production process.
A schematic representation of an MRP system is given in Figure 1. As described in Heizer et al.
(2017), the starting point is a master production schedule (MPS), which defines the manufacturing of final
products per period (e.g., a week). Then, a bill of materials (BOM) or product structure file identifies the
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