Research Article
Centrifugation, Storage, and Filtration of Olive
Oil in an Oil Mill: Effect on the Quality and
Content of Minority Compounds
Alfonso M. Vidal , Sonia Alcal ´ a , Antonia de Torres, Manuel Moya ,
and Francisco Esp´ ınola
Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy and Environment (CEAEMA), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3),
Dept. Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Ja´ en, Paraje Las Lagunillas, Edif. B-3, 23071 Ja´ en, Spain
Correspondence should be addressed to Alfonso M. Vidal; amvidal@ujaen.es
Received 17 August 2018; Accepted 23 January 2019; Published 18 February 2019
Guest Editor: Nabil Ben Youssef
Copyright © 2019 Alfonso M. Vidal et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Centrifugation, storage, and filtration of olive oil were evaluated in an oil mill to determine their effect on the final quality of virgin
olive oil. e main functions of these processes are to clarify the olive oil by removing water, solids, and other possible suspended
particles. Although some changes were detected in the oil quality parameters after these processes, all the samples were extra virgin
olive oil. e phenolic and volatile compound content of the olive oil was influenced by vertical centrifugation processing.
Significantly, vertical centrifugation led to a 53% reduction in ethanol content. Oil storage before filtration resulted in a significant
increase of around 30% in the peroxide index, while the antioxidant capacity decreased by 78%. Comparison of the results for
filtered and unfiltered oil samples revealed that the most significant change was the reduction in the photosynthetic pigment
content, with a decrease of around 50% in chlorophyll. Due of all this, the conditions applied in vertical centrifugation and the
time of storage of the olive oils should be further controlled, enabling cleaning and decantation but avoiding the reduction of the
antioxidant capacity and the content of phenolics compounds.
1. Introduction
Virgin olive oil (VOO) is a fat known worldwide for its
beneficial properties for human health. e consumption of
olive oil in the Mediterranean diet is associated with low
mortality from cardiovascular disease [1]. Several health
benefits have been associated with certain antioxidant
compounds such as phenols [2]. e health claims on “olive
oil polyphenols” by the EEC [3] refer to the impact of
bioactive phenolic compounds on the protection of blood
lipids against oxidative stress [4]. High nutritional quality
arises from large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in the
composition of oil, such as oleic acid and linolenic acid. e
production of VOO is solely carried out by physical and
mechanical extraction processes. Oil washing is a step of the
process, which is performed in a vertical centrifuge (VC).
After obtaining the oil, it is filtered to eliminate any solids in
the suspension.
Washing represents an important source of oxidative
reactions arising from the contact between water and oil [5].
e distribution of phenolic compounds in the water and oil
phases depends on their solubility in the phases [6]; phenolic
compounds may thus be found in the wastewater and
pomace. Vertical centrifugation has a great effectiveness in
clarifying the oil, although this process reduces the con-
centration of minor compounds in the extra virgin olive oil
(EVOO) [7]. e maximum oxygenation levels have been
detected after VC treatment. e oxidation of olive oil
during its shelf-life is negatively affected by the concen-
tration of dissolved oxygen [8].
Inert gases have been used for oil oxygenation pre-
vention and found to significantly extend the oil shelf-life
[9]. Other researchers have focused on the effect of the water
employed in the VC and on the content of alkyl esters in
olive oils [10], where the content of ethyl and methyl esters
were found to decrease with the use of water in the VC.
Hindawi
Journal of Food Quality
Volume 2019, Article ID 7381761, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7381761