D.D. Schmorrow et al. (Eds.): Augmented Cognition, HCII 2009, LNAI 5638, pp. 42–50, 2009.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
Designing a Control and Visualization System for
Off-Highway Machinery According to the Adaptive
Automation Paradigm
Stefano Marzani
1
, Francesco Tesauri
1
, Luca Minin
1
, Roberto Montanari
1
,
and Caterina Calefato
2
1
HMI Group, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 02, 42100
Reggio Emilia (Italy)
2
Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, C.so Svizzera 185, 10149,
Turin (Italy)
{Stefano.Marzani,Francesco.Tesauri,Luca.Minin,
Roberto.Montanari}@unimore.it,
Caterina.Calefato@di.unito.it
Abstract. This paper aims at describing the requirements of an off-highway
human-machine system able to recognize potential risky situations and conse-
quently prevent them. The developed methodology is based on two techniques
derived from the field of human factors studies, namely the Hierarchical Task
Analysis (HTA) and the Function Allocation (FA), which have been integrated
and revised to suit the specific domain of off-highway machinery. The para-
digms of adaptive automation and persuasive technology will be followed in the
design process. After the off-highway domain analysis a system aiming at im-
proving operator and machine safety is presented. The information system ex-
tends the human intelligence monitoring the stability of the machine.
Keywords: Adaptive Automation, Collision, Function Allocation, Human-
Machine Interaction, Hierarchical Task Analysis, Off-Highway Vehicles,
Overun, Rollover, Runover, Safety, Tractors.
1 Introduction
The complexity of on-board equipment for agricultural and off-highway machinery
has dramatically grown during the last years. The increased number of functions and
devices has led to a substantial modification in working procedures, the contrary of
what has been seen in the automotive domain. Cars have been equipped with elec-
tronic information- and/or safety-related systems, which have improved the reliability
of the vehicles and the user comfort although this has not affected the essential nature
of the driving task [1] [2].
On the contrary, the introduction of electronics in agricultural and off-highway
machinery has led to a strong centralization of controls inside the vehicle cabin,
bringing a significant modification in the way users must manage their working task.
This modification has been especially strong in the agricultural field, where most of
the tractor functions can be performed from inside the cabin. Moreover, the incoming