© 2018 Ha Thi Thu Bui, Trong Quoc Luu and Ravi Fotedar. This open access article is distributed under a Creative
Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.
American Journal of Applied Sciences
Original Research Paper
Effects of Enriching Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Growth
of Sargassum Podacanthum Cultured in Potassium-Fortified
Inland Saline Water
Ha Thi Thu Bui, Trong Quoc Luu and Ravi Fotedar
School of Molecular and Life Sciences,
Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
Article history
Received: 04-12-2017
Revised: 01-02-2018
Accepted: 05-04-2018
Corresponding Author:
Ha Thi Thu Bui
School of Molecular and Life
Sciences, Curtin University,
Kent Street, Perth, Western,
Australia, 6102, Australia
Email: ha.bui@student.curtin.edu.au
Abstract: Potassium-fortified inland saline water (K
+
ISW) has shown
potential for growing marine species, including seaweed species. The
response of a brown seaweed species, Sargassum podacanthum, to nitrogen
and phosphorus enrichments were evaluated by culturing the species for 84
days in K
+
ISW and comparing it with Ocean Water (OW). The culture media
were enriched weekly with ammonium chloride and sodium dihydrogen
phosphate, with ammonium and phosphate ratios of 10:1 at five different
concentrations 80:8, 120:12, 160:16, 200:20 and 240:24 μM. The culture
medium with no enrichment was used as a control. The water quality and
biomass of S. podacanthum were measured fortnightly. The S. podacanthum
biomass increase significantly with different concentrations of the nutrient
supplementations. The standing biomass and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of
S. podacanthum were similar in OW and K
+
ISW in the absence of any
nutrient supplementation and at the supplement concentration of ammonium
and phosphate 160:16 μM. However, from day 42 onwards, at the ratios of
80:8, 120:12, 200:20 and 240:24, S. podacanthum cultured in OW grew
significantly faster than in K
+
ISW. In K
+
ISW, optimal growth of S.
podacanthum was observed at the 160:16 and the increase in biomass was
significantly higher than the initial biomass until day 70, whereas at the other
four nutrient supplement concentrations, the S. podacanthum biomass
remained unchanged during the entire culture period. The nitrite, total
Kjeldahl nitrogen and phosphate concentrations in water were found to be
significantly (p<0.05) and negatively correlated (p<0.05) with S.
podacanthum biomass. Therefore, the results showed that the enrichment of
160 μM ammonium and 16 μM phosphate is required in the K
+
ISW for S.
podacanthum to achieve optimal growth.
Keywords: Inland Saline Water, Sargassum podacanthum, Nutrient
Enrichment, Potassium Fortification, Ammonium, Phosphate
Introduction
Mariculture, including seaweed culture, in Inland
Saline Water (ISW) is considered as a potential
expansion and diversification of aquaculture industry in
Australia (Allan et al., 2001). Seaweed culture can make
use of salt-affected agricultural farms as it is less
constrained by additional requirement for resources and
changes in infrastructure than the culture of marine
finfish and crustacean species. Therefore, growing
Sargassum, in ISW can provide another source of
commodity to the farmers with a lower capital
investment than farming in the sea (Borowitzka, 1997)
and can be an additional tool to protect the inland
environment in Australia by combating the salinity
problems (Ogburn, 1997).
At the same salinity, the level of potassium (K
+
)
concentration in ISW is lower than in Ocean Water
(OW) in Australia (Allan and Fielder, 1997; Dinh, 2016)
and USA (Boyd and Thunjai, 2003; Forsberg et al., 1996)
although other ionic profiles can be similar (Fotedar et al.,
2011; Prangnell and Fotedar, 2006a). Potassium is vital