International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9, Issue-3, January-2020
1
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: A4116119119 /2020©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.A4116.019320
Concrete Mix Design by Partial Surrogation of
Conventional Aggregates with Fabrigated
Aggregates
Shital Mohanrao Bhandare, J.S.R Prasad, Venu Malagavelli
Abstract: Since the invention of concrete in the early 18
th
century, there has been a constant rise in efforts to increase
the productivity of this material so that it becomes more
economical. The economy of concrete also depends on the
use of products that are abundantly available in the near
vicinity, at the least processing costs. One such material is
the coal ash. It is an unavoidable residual yield of the
thermal power plants which are the major electricity
producers in India. The 120 power plants produce 120-150
million tons of fly ash per year. The disposal of this fly ash
is a complicated task as it takes a very large space to dump,
also this causes air pollution and harmful health
conditions when inhaled. Many attempts have been made to
utilize this material in the recent past. One such attempt is
the use of fly ash in concrete. Is has been found that fly ash
can be used as an important constituent of concrete in the
form of aggregates. The market for fly ash aggregate has
one of the most intriguing opportunity for business owners
as use of fly ash has no seasonal problems, as it could be
stored for a very long time in open surroundings without
the risk of losses, environmental hazard or freeze-thaw
condition complications. The use of fly ash aggregates is a
very good application for the disposal of fly ash.
Keywords: Fly ash aggregate, Fly ash, Compressive
strength, split tensile test, flexural strength
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is produced with mixing materials such as cement,
aggregates and water in predetermined proportions. These
materials are all either directly obtained from nature or
processed before using after obtaining from nature. There
has been an effort to replace some of these materials by
recycled cheaper materials which would not only reduce the
carbon foot print but also solve the waste disposal problem to
some extent. One such material is the fly ash that is a
residual of thermal electricity generation. In general, the
disposal of Fly Ash is done in both dry and wet condition.
The constituents of it are Arsenic, Chromium, Nickel,
Cadmium, Lead, Antimony, etc. which possesses respiratory
problems, cancers, blood iron decrement and skin irritations
[1]. Another major concern is that Indian coals produce high
amounts of ash comparatively which has already increased
thee problem [2].
Revised Manuscript Received on January 5, 2020
Shital Mohanrao Bhandare, M.Tech in structural engineering in
department of Civil Engineering Institute of Aeronautical Engineering,
Dundigal Hyderabad.
Dr. J S R Prasad, professor, Department, Institute of Aeronautical
Engineering, Hyderabad.
Venu Malagavelli, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of
Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad.
The main problem of concrete with only fly ash is that it has
a strength at early stage but on the advantage side of fly ash
is that compressive strength is improved as a result the
sulfate durability increases and also the resistance to
sulphates [3]. The artificial aggregate production in our
country didn’t get much response from the investors even
though research has been done in recent past by many on the
topic. The reason behind this maybe the relatively high cost
of production, natural resources shortage, and energy curing
process of artificial aggregates [4]. The fly ash aggregate’s
prominent advantage is that it could be stored for any amount
of time and it is quite cheap and easy to manufacture as
compared to its artificial counterparts.
II. METHODOLOGY
The concrete was tested and a base line for the tests such as
Compressive concrete strength, Split tensile and Flexural
strength of concrete was done replacing the coarse
aggregates with 0% of fly ash aggregate to 50% fly ash
aggregate with an interval of 10% between consecutive
mixtures. In all 162 cubes were casted from which 54 were
cubes of dimensions 150*150*150mm
3
which were used for
testing compressive strength of concrete. For the split tensile
strength 54 cylinders were casted of dimensions 300mm in
height and 150mm in diameter. Flexural strength was tested
using 54 prisms of dimensions 100*100*700mm
3
. For
testing the workability the tests namely, slump cone test,
compaction factor test and vee bee test were done.
Casting and curing of test specimens
The sizes of standard cubes [150mm x 150mmx
150mm], Standard prisms [100mm x 100mm x700mm]
and standard cylinders [150mm diameter x300mm
height] were made.
Batching: In batching process, concrete mix ingredients are
processed either by mass or by volume and and then added to
the mixture. Usually batching is considered by volume but
now mass mix is regarded as more accurate and also is
preferred for accurate mixes. Batching when done correctly
affects workability by reducing the bleeding and segregation
in the mix. It also provides a smooth surface of the concrete.
It helps in speedy construction and decreases the wastage of
material. Hence, batching is considered as an essential step
while preparing concrete mix.
Mixing of concrete: Measured quantities of coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate and cement were spread out over
an impervious concrete floor. Fly ash aggregates were added
randomly while mixing the concrete. The mixture was rolled
over and over until uniformity of color was achieved the time
of mixing was between 10 15
minutes.