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Strand, et al: HRQOL with apremilast
Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2013. All rights reserved.
Patient-reported Health-related Quality of Life with
Apremilast for Psoriatic Arthritis: A Phase II,
Randomized, Controlled Study
Vibeke Strand, Georg Schett, ChiaChi Hu, and Randall M. Stevens
ABSTRACT. Objective. Apremilast, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, modulates proinflammatory and
antiinflammatory cytokine production. A phase IIb randomized, controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the
effect of apremilast on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
Methods. In this 12-week RCT, patients with active disease (duration > 6 mo, ≥ 3 swollen and ≥ 3
tender joints) received apremilast (20 mg BID or 40 mg QD) or placebo. PRO included pain and
global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale (VAS)], Health Assessment Question-
naire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue
(FACIT-F), and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) assessing
health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Percentages of patients reporting improvements ≥ minimum
clinically important differences (MCID) and correlations between SF-36 domains and pain VAS,
HAQ-DI, and FACIT-F were determined.
Results. Among the 204 randomized patients (52.5% men; mean age 50.6 yrs), baseline SF-36 scores
reflected large impairments in HRQOL. Apremilast 20 mg BID resulted in statistically significant
and clinically meaningful improvements in physical and mental component summary scores and 7
and 6 SF-36 domains, respectively, compared with no change/deterioration in placebo group.
Patients receiving apremilast 20 mg BID and 40 mg QD reported significant improvements ≥ MCID
in global VAS scores and FACIT-F versus placebo, and significant improvements in pain VAS scores.
Moderate-high, significant correlations were evident between SF-36 domains and other PRO.
Conclusion. Apremilast resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements
in HRQOL, pain and global VAS, and FACIT-F scores. (First Release April 15 2013; J Rheumatol
2013;40:1158–65; doi:10.3899/jrheum.121200)
Key Indexing Terms:
CLINICAL TRIALS PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS QUALITY OF LIFE
SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY VISUAL ANALOG SCALE
From the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; University
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and Celgene Corporation,
Summit, New Jersey, USA.
Sponsored by Celgene Corporation.
V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology and
Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G. Schett, MD,
University Erlangen-Nuremberg; C. Hu, EdM, MS; R.M. Stevens, MD,
Celgene Corporation.
Address correspondence to Dr. V. Strand, Division of Immunology and
Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 306 Ramona
Road, Portola Valley, CA 94028, USA. E-mail: vstrand@stanford.edu
Accepted for publication February 4, 2013.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis
associated with psoriasis
1
. An estimated 40% of patients
with psoriasis develop PsA
1,2
, with a prevalence in the
general US population between 0.3% and 1.0%
1
. PsA is
associated with poor health-related quality of life
(HRQOL), including general health, bodily pain, and
physical functioning, well below that of age- and
sex-matched US norms
3,4
, and longterm work disability
4,5,6
.
In a survey conducted by the National Psoriasis Foundation,
44% of patients with PsA who were not working reported
this was partially or entirely due to their PsA
2
. The presence
of both PsA and psoriasis may further influence HRQOL,
with larger impairments than those seen with psoriasis
alone
7,8,9
.
Understanding the effect of new treatments on
patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is important when
assessing their overall clinical value. The effect on HRQOL
may be influenced by treatment-related factors, such as
efficacy, tolerability, adverse events, safety, and treatment
regimen (e.g., dosing frequency, route of administration,
cost). Effective treatment of patients with PsA, including
use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD),
has been shown to significantly improve PRO, including
HRQOL
10,11
. However, these benefits differ among agents,
with methotrexate (MTX) having a lesser effect on PRO
than tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors
9,12
. In addition,
treatment of patients with traditional and biologic DMARD
therapy may be compromised by adverse events, poor toler-
ability, inconvenient route of administration, and/or
injection/infusion reactions
13,14,15,16
. No oral DMARD
therapy is currently approved by the US Food and Drug
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