Ashish Budhrani et al., Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 2020, 11 (SPL4), 1616-1620 RĊěĎĊĜ AėęĎĈđĊ IēęĊėēĆęĎĔēĆđ JĔĚėēĆđ Ĕċ RĊĘĊĆėĈč Ďē PčĆėĒĆĈĊĚęĎĈĆđ SĈĎĊēĈĊĘ Published by JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation Journal Home Page: www.pharmascope.org/ijrps Evolutionary Role of Epigenetics in Ischemic Stroke: A Review Rohini Agrawal 1 , Prashant Amale 1 , Shilpa Deshpande 1 , Manish Deshmukh 2 , Priti Bhoyar 1 , Kiran Gomkale 1 , Uma Sunchuwar 1 , Ashish Budhrani *3 1 Department of Pharmacology, Priyadarshini J. L College of Pharmacy, Electronic Zone Building, Nagpur-440016, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Pharmacology, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Wardha-442001, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Wardha-442001, Maharashtra, India Article History: Received on: 08 Sep 2020 Revised on: 05 Oct 2020 Accepted on: 08 Oct 2020 Keywords: Epigenetics, Ischemic stroke, Excitotoxicity, Stem cell, REST AćĘęėĆĈę Stroke is a Central Nervous System (CNS) disorder which occurs due to the obstruction in the brain blood ϐlow. Stroke is mainly of two types, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke (80%) caused due to obstruction of blood ϐlow through Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and char- acterized by a decreased supply of oxygen and glucose to CNS. In compari- son, Hemorrhagic stroke (20%) mainly occurs due to the rupturing of blood vessels. Epidemiologically, it is the common reason of death after cancer and affecting millions of global population. There are many risk factors such as hypertension; hypercholesterolemia etc. which can exaggerate the condition of stroke. Various conventional therapies like Antiplatelets, Thrombolytic are available, but, there is a need to obtain a therapeutic approach that can pro- vide prevention as well as a cure for the stroke. So the present review is pri- marily focused on epigenetic approach for ischemic stroke by Endogenous Transplantation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs). This, in turn, will decrease the level of REST protein at the genetic level and enhance the activity of Na+-Ca+ exchanger activity and lowers the excitotoxicity. * Corresponding Author Name: Ashish Budhrani Phone: 8888944700 Email: ashu.budhrani123@gmail.com ISSN: 0975-7538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11iSPL4.4346 Production and Hosted by Pharmascope.org © 2020 | All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Stroke is a debilitating neurological condition and deϐined as a sudden loss of functions of neurons including either loss of supply of glucose and oxy- gen, i.e. Cerebral Blood Occlusion (Ischemic Stroke) Figure 1 or inter cerebral bleeding (Haemorrhagic Stroke) (Moretti et al., 2015). It shows symptom like limb weakness, bilateral or unilateral immobil- ity, and inability to speak and become a reason of death and disability worldwide. It generally involves 1 in every 18 deaths and requires long-term care due to their functional and cognitive disabilities. There is a marked decrease in the survival rates of the victims suffering from ischemic stroke (68%) as compared to Haemorrhagic stroke (28%) (Krishna- murthi et al., 2013). This is due to the formation of thrombus in the cerebral arteries, which leads to the obstruction of blood ϐlow through the cerebral blood vessels, which cause irreversible cell injury. The present article is aimed to introduce the evo- lutionary epigenetic perspective for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by endogenous transplantation of Neuronal Stem/ Progenitor Cells 1616 © International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences