Acta Scientific MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226) Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2020 Novel Corona Virus COVID-19: An Overview Rohini Agrawal, Prashant Amale, Shilpa A Deshpande*, Priti Bhoyar, Kiran Gomkale and Sunchuwar Priyadarshini J. L. Chaturvedi College of Pharmacy, Electronic Zone Building, MIDC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding Author: Shilpa A Deshpande, Priyadarshini J. L. Chaturvedi College of Pharmacy, Electronic Zone Building, MIDC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Review Article Received: May 26, 2020 Published: July 30, 2020 © All rights are reserved by Shilpa A Deshpande., et al. Abstract Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19), was proclaimed as a pandemic emergency by World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. The main causative factor behind the pneumonic viral infection is Severe Acute Respiratoty Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which holds the 75 - 80% nucleotide sequence similarity with SARS-CoV. Infected and asymptomatic individual are the primary source of human to human transmission due to it become a pandemic, the women with third trimester is also susceptible to this respiratory and pneumonic infection. The time period for the infection is 14 days and the average duration is of 20 days. The infection is clinically manifested mainly by fever, shortness of breath, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) etc. Various diagnostic approaches such as Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) by using RT-PCR, serological testing etc had been used among which RT-PCR found to be suc- cessful in the detection of strain of SARS-CoV-2. Present review focus on the genomic structure of SARS-CoV-2, mechanism, transmis- sion, entry into the host cell, diagnosis, and prevention of the Covid-19. This may be helpful for the development of therapeutic agents used for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Covid-19; Corona Virus; WHO; SARS-CoV-2; RT-PCR Introduction Corona virus disease (COVID-19); a pneumonic viral infection generated by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) and proclaimed on March 11, 2020 as pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO) [1]. It is attributed by a re- spiratory syndrome with a different range of its seriousness from mild upper respiratory illness to severe interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2,3]. Coronavirus Coronavirus was first discovered 1960 belongs to the family of Coronaviridae and Nidovirales order with two subfamilies viz. Orthocoronavirinae and Torovirinae in which Orthocoronavirinae involves four genera α, γ and δ-coronavirus [4]. They include total 49 species under the major Riboviria of the suborder of Cornido- virineae [5]. The human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), Human coronavirus (HCoV-HKU1), SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) comes un- der β-coronavirus. Whereas genus and Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) comes under α-coronavirus genus. It belongs to the subgenus Sarbecovi- rus and mostly bears a resemblance with bat coronavirus (96.2%) [6]. But, intermediary host of transmission is still unknown. DOI: 10.31080/ASMI.2020.03.0660 Citation: Shilpa A Deshpande., et al. “Novel Corona Virus COVID-19: An Overview”. Acta Scientific Microbiology 3.8 (2020): 112-116.