International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2015 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Automatic Mapping of Lineaments Using Shaded Relief Images Derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in Kirkuk Northeast Iraq Shaheen Alhirmizy Department of applied Geology, College of Science, Kirkuk University, Assayada, Kirkuk, Iraq Abstract: The area of this study is one of the important places in Iraq, which contains many important oil fields. Shaded relief images created from digital elevation models (DEMs) are helpful in identifying lineaments in different distinct relief and topography. Combining four shaded relief images into a final image leads to enhancing lineaments within the four sun azimuth directions(Anwar Abdullah, 2010) the method can enhance lineaments at different orientations by simulating topographic illumination under varied light directions. Combining four shaded relief images into a final image leads to enhancing lineaments within the four sun azimuth directions. Two shaded relief images with multi-directional light were created, the first image with the four azimuth angles of the light sources that are 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°, and the second image with the four azimuth angles of the light sources that are 180°, 225°, 270°,and 315°. Both images have been used for automatic lineament extraction using PCI Geomatica2013 software. The extracted lineaments of the first image show that the most automatic lineaments represent positive lineaments; and the automatic lineaments of second image represent negative lineaments of the study area. The term “lineament” is one of the most commonly used terms in geology. A lineament is any extensive linear surface on a planet, as a fault line or fracture line. Hobbs (1904) first used the term lineament to define a significant line of landscape of Basement rocks. O’Leary et al. (1976) described the term lineament as a mappable, simple or composite linear feature of a surface whose parts are aligned in a rectilinear or slightly curvilinear relationship and which differs from the pattern of adjacent features and presumably reflects some sub-surface phenomenon 1. Introduction Relief shading gives a DEM a more “3D” look. In the popular (ESRI ArcGIS), there is a function to apply “z” amplification to the hill shade effect, Shaded relief is a method for representing topography on maps in a natural, aesthetic, and intuitive manner. Relief shading methods include a manual method and an automatic one. With the former, the production time is long, and the cartographers must have good abilities of map interpretation color controlling and artistic decoration. So, generally only professional cartographer can do it, and once the product is completed, it can't be modified and adjusted any more. In contrast with the manual one, automatic relief shading has many merits: user can select and change the position of supposed light according to his own feeling, and change the contrast of brightness, etc. In order to enhance the feeling of three-dimensional, the vertical proportion may be magnified properly, and the relief stereo-appearance is more visible. But, for a complicated terrain region, a good relief map only with a single light source usually can’t acquire perfect impression 2. Materials and Methods Study area The study area is situated in the northeast of Iraq fig (1) about km from Baghdad between 43.277110 dd and 44.732945 dd and longitude 35.863705 dd and 34.695015 dd Figure 1: Location Map of Study Area 3. Geological Setting of Study Area The study area is located in unstable shelf represented rangehigh-folds, sulaimanya – zakho belt and therange of the lowfolds, chamchumal-erbil, himreen-makhul. (Al- Kadhimi et al. 1999) There are some anticlines in the study area like qara chuk, baihasan, jambur and Kirkuk baba Dom the trend of baba Dom NW-SE, there are three reverse faults. The following Paper ID: SUB154653 2228