Research Article
Multifunctional Core-Shell NiFe
2
O
4
Shield with TiO
2
/rGO
Nanostructures for Biomedical and Environmental Applications
R. Esther Nimshi,
1
J. Judith Vijaya ,
1
B. Al-Najar,
2
L. Hazeem,
3
M. Bououdina,
4
L. John Kennedy,
5
K. Kombaiah,
6
and S. Bellucci
7
1
CNR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai 34, India
2
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq, Bahrain
3
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq, Bahrain
4
Department of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
Materials Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Chennai Campus,
Chennai 127, India
6
Department of Chemistry, Arul Anandar College, Kamaraj University, 625 514 Madurai, India
7
INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
Correspondence should be addressed to J. Judith Vijaya; jjvijaya78@gmail.com
Received 21 December 2021; Revised 7 April 2022; Accepted 5 May 2022; Published 30 May 2022
Academic Editor: Chun Xu
Copyright © 2022 R. Esther Nimshi et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Multifunctional core@shell nanoparticles have been synthesized in this paper through 3 stages: NiFe
2
O
4
nanoparticles by
microwave irradiation using Pedalium murex leaf extract as a fuel, core@shell NiFe
2
O
4
@TiO
2
nanoparticles by sol-gel, and
NiFe
2
O
4
@TiO
2
@rGO by sol-gel using preprepared reduced graphene oxide obtained by modified Hummer’s method. XRD
analysis confirmed the presence of both cubic NiFe
2
O
4
spinel and tetragonal TiO
2
rutile phases, while Raman spectroscopy
analysis displays both D and G bands (I
D
/I
G
1.04) associated with rGO. Morphological observations by HRTEM reveal a core-
shell nanostructure formed by NiFe
2
O
4
core as confirmed by SAED with subsequent thin layers of TiO
2
and rGO. Magnetic
measurements show a ferromagnetic behavior, where the saturation magnetization drops drastically from 45 emu/g for NiFe
2
O
4
to 15 emu/g after TiO
2
and rGO nonmagnetic bilayers coating. e as-fabricated multifunctional core@shell nanostructures
demonstrate tunable self-heating characteristics: rise of temperature and specific absorption rate in the range of ΔT 3–10
°
C and
SAR 3–58 W/g, respectively. is effectiveness is much close to the threshold temperature of hyperthermia (45
°
C), and the zones
of inhibition show the better effective antibacterial activity of NTG against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial
strains besides simultaneous good efficient, stable, and removable sonophotocatalyst toward the TC degradation.
1. Introduction
In the modern research world, multifunctional nanoparticles
(NPs) have attracted much attention with numerous fasci-
nating properties and potential diverse applications in op-
tics, magnetic, electronics, and catalysis. Single functional
NPs must overcome the requirements for numerous ap-
plications such as water purification [1], biosensing [2], and
cancer treatment [3, 4]. In this context, the proposed so-
lution consists of a combination of two or more different
functional nanomaterials to form multifunctional nano-
particles [5, 6]. Nowadays, the whole world is facing human
health issues and environmental pollution. Generally, we are
focusing on human health issues more than environmental
problems because pharmaceutical companies synthesize
more and more medicinal products; this medicinal side
products and wastes are also one of the causes of envi-
ronmental pollution. Hence, the product should have hu-
man therapeutic nature as well as environmental pollution-
treated nature. It is very essential to this world. Specifically,
Hindawi
Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
Volume 2022, Article ID 4805490, 21 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4805490