Abstract—The utilization of biomass as a source of new and renewable energy is being carried out. One of the technologies to convert biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis which is converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio-oil. Bio-oil is a liquid which is produced by steam condensation process from the pyrolysis of coconut shells. The composition of a coconut shell e.g. hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin will be oxidized to phenolic compounds as the main component of the bio-oil. The phenolic compounds in bio-oil are corrosive; they cause various difficulties in the combustion system because of a high viscosity, low calorific value, corrosiveness, and instability. Phenolic compounds are very valuable components which phenol has used as the main component for the manufacture of antiseptic, disinfectant (known as Lysol) and deodorizer. The experiments typically occurred at the atmospheric pressure in a pyrolysis reactor at temperatures ranging from 300 o C to 350 o C with a heating rate of 10 o C/min and a holding time of 1 hour at the pyrolysis temperature. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to analyze the bio-oil components. The obtained bio-oil has the viscosity of 1.46 cP, the density of 1.50 g/cm 3 , the calorific value of 16.9 MJ/kg, and the molecular weight of 1996.64. By GC-MS, the analysis of bio-oil showed that it contained phenol (40.01%), ethyl ester (37.60%), 2-methoxy-phenol (7.02%), furfural (5.45%), formic acid (4.02%), 1-hydroxy-2-butanone (3.89%), and 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione (2.01%). Keywords—Bio-oil, pyrolysis, coconut shell, phenol, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. I. INTRODUCTION HE role of fossil fuels will be very important, but their influence will be taken by the new resources and renewable energy. One of the technologies that can be used to handle this is pyrolysis technology using the organic waste (biomass). Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion process to convert biomass into more valuable products or liquid product, known as bio-oil. The heat energy of pyrolysis encourages the oxidation of complex carbon molecules to decompose into carbon or charcoal. Pyrolysis technology can utilize organic waste helping to create a healthier environment due to the zero waste activities and to making a final product with value- added. Biomass was converted into bio-oil and charcoal [1]. The product of pyrolysis generally contains of three types, called light gases (H 2 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and CH 4 ), tar and char. We thank the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia, for financial support of this work through the research grant of “Produk Terapan” Universitas Negeri Semarang 2017. D. S. Fardhyanti and A. Damayanti are with the Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia (phone: +62-24-8508101 Ext.114; fax: +62-24-8508101 Ext.109; e-mail: dewiselvia@yahoo.com, dewiselvia@mail.unnes.ac.id). All the products of pyrolysis can be used as eco-friendly fuel. Pyrolysis technology also produces the other products such as biochar, petrified wood, activated carbon, charcoal briquette, bio-oil and syngas [2]. Biomass (organic material) is the product of living things, it can be obtained from agricultural waste, forests, plantations, industries and households. Hydrocarbon compounds which are contained in biomass can be used to provide heat energy, producing fuels and generating electricity. Tropical countries like Indonesia generally have an abundance of biomass resources. More than 250 billion tons per year of biomass were produced from forest biomass and agricultural waste. Agricultural waste is generally derived from palm, sugar cane, coconut, agricultural residues and other, which amounts to approximately 40 billion tons per year. The raw material of biomass are used as raw material for bio-oil producing such as durian husk [3], corn cobs [4], oak tree [5], sawdust and wheat husk [6], castor beans [7], and organic waste [8]. Bio-oil is an emulsion with a smoke-like odor which is produced by a steam condensation process from the pyrolysis of material which contains lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and other carbon compounds. Bio-oil contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with insignificant traces of nitrogen and sulfur. The organic compounds of bio-oil are acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, sugars, phenols, phenol derivatives, and a large proportion of lignin derived oligomers [9]. These characteristics show that bio-oil is an unpolluted fuel and has greater calorific value than the oxygen fuel (such as methanol), while its calorific value is slightly lower than that of diesel and the other light fuel oil [10]. Unfortunately, bio- oil has high viscosity, low calorific value, and is corrosive and unstable, because it contains more acids and phenolic compounds. Handling the waste of coconut shells is quite complicated since it is flammable and has a strong odor. Coconut shell can be converted into high economic value products by applied technology. Phenolic compounds (the main component of bio-oil) were obtained from the oxidizing process of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as the composition of coconut shell. Phenolic compounds are an aromatic compound. They also can bind the other groups such as acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones. Phenol is an absorption material that can be used as [11]: 1. Preservation process of raw leather. 2. Anti-bacterial. 3. Decreasing the environmental pollution which is caused by the using of unfriendly environment chemical agents Analysis of Bio-Oil Produced by Pyrolysis of Coconut Shell D. S. Fardhyanti, A. Damayanti T World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:11, No:9, 2017 636 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(9) 2017 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10007910 International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:11, No:9, 2017 waset.org/Publication/10007910