861 Copyright © 2017, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 35 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1759-7.ch035 ABSTRACT Now a days Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have grown rapidly due to advancement of information technology. Sensor nodes are deployed over the feld for collecting useful information. Sensor nodes have limited battery power and bandwidth. As a result it is critical for planning energy efcient protocols in WSNs. It is necessary to transfer and gather information in optimized way to reduce the energy dissipa- tion. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is already proved to be better technique to optimize the network routing protocols in WSNs. Ant based routing can have signifcant role to extend the network life time and balance energy consumption in WSNs. In this chapter wireless sensor network architecture, routing factors of wireless sensor networks, computational intelligence technique, ant colony algorithm and ant colony based balanced energy consumption approaches in wireless sensor network have been discussed. INTRODUCTION The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of inexpensive, little-power as well as tiny size motes. In WSN environment, all motes work collectively to feel the surroundings, accomplish easy data process- ing as well as exchange wirelessly over a small range (Zhao et al., 2004).Sensor nodes can link straight to the sink to design a local area networks model in WSNs. The sensor node consists of transceiver, battery, sensors and the processor. The processor converts the analog sensed information in to digital format (Yick et al., 2008). The sensor can perform simple calculations and communicate locally over a small area. Wireless sensor nodes transfer data within short distances. WSN depends on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. WSNs are extensively operated in the surroundings monitoring like disasters area, battleground, Balanced Energy Consumption Approach Based on Ant Colony in Wireless Sensor Networks Sahabul Alam West Bengal University of Technology, India Debashis De West Bengal University of Technology, India