Lineament Extraction using Gravity Data in the Citarum Watershed
Gumilar Utamas Nugraha, Karit Lumban Gaol, Lina Handayani and Rachmat Fajar Lubis
Research Center For Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia
Abstract. Lineament is one of the most important features showing subsurface elements or structural
weakness such as faults. is study aims to identify subsurface lineament patterns using automatic lineament
in Citarum watershed with gravity data. Satellite gravity data were used to generate a sub-surface lineament.
Satellite gravity data corrected using Bouguer and terrain correction to obtain a complete Bouguer anomaly
value. Butterworth ĕlters were used to separate regional and residual anomaly from the complete Bouguer
anomaly value. Residual anomaly gravity data used to analyze sub-surface lineament. Lineament generated
using Line module in PCI Geomatica to obtain sub-surface lineament from gravity residual value. e
orientations of lineaments and fault lines were created by using rose diagrams. e main trends observed in
the lineament map could be recognized in these diagrams, showing a strongly major trend in NW-SE, and
the subdominant directions were in N-S. Area with a high density of lineament located at the Southern part
of the study area. High-density lineament might be correlated with fractured volcanic rock upstream of the
Citarum watershed, meanwhile, low-density lineament is associated with low-density sediment. e high-
density fracture might be associated with intensive tectonics and volcanism.
1. Introduction
Area of approximately Seven thousand four hundred
square kilometers, divided into three parts; the upper part
(1771 squared kilometer), the middle part (4242 km2), the
lower part (1387 square kilometer) (Juwana et al., 2016a). e
average watershed rainfall is 2300 mm/year, and the Citarum
Ęow measured by the Saguling Dam is around 5.7 billion m3/
year (Juwana et al., 2016b). In 2008, there were just over 11
million people in the watershed. Most live on the Riverbanks
and have used it directly in different domestic applications
(Juwana et al., 2016b). e river runs through Jakarta and
West, two central provinces. Water companies in the
watershed also use the river as the raw water source for their
water treatment plants(Juwana et al., 2016b).
A lot of Citarum researchers (Agaton et al., 2016;
Djuangsih, 1993; Harashina et al., 2003; Herawati et al., 2016;
Juwana et al., 2016a; Nastiti et al., 2015; Parikesit et al., 2001;
Sunardi et al., 2012). None of them concerns the mapping of
sub-surface geological structures. e mapping of geological
structures in the area, particularly in areas with insufficient
outcrop exposures, can take time and are difficult (Yeomans
et al., 2019). Moreover, partial exposure and subtle
topographic variation structures such as severe defects can be
complicated to map a geologist on the ĕeld. Lineament
detection can aid the mapping of geological structures
(Yeomans et al., 2019). A lineament is a mappable rectilinear
or curvilinear linear feature of a surface, distinct from
adjacent patterns, representing a subsurface phenomenon
(O'Leary et al., 1976). Lineaments are linear features evident
at the land surface that express the underlying geological
structure (Ibrahim & Mutua, 2012). It is a linear or
curvilinear mappable feature on a surface whose parts are
aligned in a straight or somewhat curved relation due to a
defect or other line defect (Ibrahim & Mutua, 2012). e
surface characteristics that form a lineament can be
geomorphological, i.e., relief or tonal differences i.e. (Hung et
al., 2005, Haryono et al., 2016). Remotely sensed data,
including satellite imaging, and airborne geophysical data,
are usually used to map regionals (Yeomans et al., 2019). In
addition, these lineaments may be used as a basis to infer the
region's structural geology, with implications for mineral
exploration (Moore and Camm, 1982; James et Moore, 1985;
Ni et al., 2016; Verdiansyah, 2019), oil exploration (Peña and
Abdelsalam, 2006). (Rutzinger et al., 2007). e conventional
techniques of linear extraction include manual scanning of
linear features. In addition, optical images are commonly
used, but they take time, are subjective, and are reproductive
inadequate (Masoud and Koike, 2006; Scheiberet al., 2015).
There are various applications for potential field methods
(Zhdanov, 2002; Mehanee and Zhdanov, 2002; Abdelrahman
et al., 2004; Zhdanov et al., 2004; Essa et al., 2008; Mehanee et
al., 2011; Mehanee, 2014, Mehanee, 2015; Biswas, 2017;
Zhang et al., 2018, Essa and Elhussein, 2018). In many
geophysical prospect areas, particularly in the determination
of the crystalline basement depth (Abdelrahman and Essa
2015a; Yangfan Deng et al., 2016), which define structural
environments, gravity and magnetic processes have been
presented as beneficial results (Abdelrahman and Essa,
2015b; Gabtni et al., 2016), Exploring and delineating gravity
and magnetic resources on minerals, hydrocarbons and
geothermals (Eseas, 2007 and 2011; Khazri and Gabtni, 2018)
ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol.53 , No. 1, 2021 (87– 94)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.52402 website: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijg
©2021 Faculty of Geography UGM and e Indonesian Geographers Association
Received: 2020-02-03
Accepted: 2021-04-04
Keywords:
Citarum Watershed;
Lineament;
Gravity
Correspondent email:
g.utamas.n@gmail.com
RESEARCH ARTICLE
©2021 by the authors. Licensee Indonesian Journal of Geography, Indonesia.
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