411
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ADAMU MUSTAPHA* and AHMAD ZAHARIN ARIS
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
*Corresponding Author: Phone: +60129776440; Fax: +60389467463, E4Mail: amustapha494@gmail.com
Received: 15
th
August 2011; Revised: 19
th
September 2011; Accepted: 19
th
September 2011
Chemometric or multivariate techniques were applied to identify the spatial
variation and pollution sources of Jakara River Kano4Nigeria. Thirty water samples
were collected: twenty three along River Getsi and seven surface water samples along
the main channel River Jakara. Twenty three water quality parameters namely: pH,
temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolve oxygen, biochemical oxygen
demand, Fecal Coliform, total solids, nitrates, phosphates, cobalt, iron, nickel,
manganese, copper, sodium, potassium, mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead,
magnesium, and calcium were analyzed. Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) grouped
the sampling points into three clusters based on the similarities of river water quality
characteristics into industrial, domestic and agricultural water pollution sources.
Forward and backward Discriminant analysis (DA) effectively discriminate five and
fifteen water quality variables respectively with 100% each correct assigning from the
original twenty three variables. PCA/FA were used to investigate the origin of each
water quality parameters due to various land use activities, seven principal
components were obtained with 77.5% total variance, in addition PCA identify three
latent pollution sources convinces to support CA.
!"# Chemometric, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, Jakara River, principal
component analysis
$
With an increased understanding of the importance of fresh waters systems to public
benefit and aquatic life, assessment and classification of water qualities for effective
management options is becoming top concern. The development of a surface water monitoring
ISSN 012642807
Volume 6, Number 4: 411 4 426, December, 2011
© T2011 Department of Environmental Engineering
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya
& Indonesian Society of Sanitary and Environmental Engineers, Jakarta
Open Access http://www.trisanita.org/jases
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
International peer4reviewed journal