ORIGINAL PAPER In Capable Hands: An Experimental Study of the Effects of Competence and Consistency on Leadership Approval Ayala Yarkoney Sorek 1 • Kathryn Haglin 1 • Nehemia Geva 1 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 Abstract Current research demonstrates that instances where leaders’ promises and actions are inconsistent leads to lower public approval and support. While there are exceptions to this trend there is no cohesive framework to address this issue. We introduce a conceptualization where public reactions to a leader’s inconsistency is placed in a broader context of public perception of the leader’s overall competency. We claim the public evaluation of the leader is dependent on her competency. And while inconsistency of a particular act can negatively affect public evaluations of the leader, the extent of that effect is conditioned by leaders’ competency. To test this perspective we experimentally manipulate both the competency of the leader as well as her consistency in following up on her promises. Furthermore, we expand the context of inconsistency to include both international and domestic domains. We find both leaders’ competency and inconsistency matter in public approval. Our findings hold across policy domains and levels of issue salience. Keywords Presidential approval Á Consistency Á Competency Á Experiment When a leader fails to follow through on a threat or promise, conventional wisdom indicates that this inconsistency causes backlash in approval ratings and support (Hummel 2010). Yet this is not always the case. Leaders who do not follow through on a promise sometimes escape public sanction, creating variation in the effects of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11109-017-9417-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Kathryn Haglin hagl0098@tamu.edu 1 Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University, 2010 Allen Building, 4348 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4348, USA 123 Polit Behav DOI 10.1007/s11109-017-9417-5