한국BIM학회논문집 6권 4호 (2016) 9 Exploring Capabilities of BIM Tools for Housing Refurbishment in the UK Kim, Ki Pyung 1) ･ Park, Kenneth S 2) Received May 19, 2016; Received June 26, 2016 / Accepted September 29, 2016 ABSTRACT: Currently whole-house refurbishment for substantial energy efficiency improvement of existing housing stock is needed to achieve the targeted 80% CO2 emission reduction. As whole-house refurbishment requires a larger capital investment for lower CO2 emission, the simultaneous use of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies are recommended to generate affordable refurbishment solutions. However, two methodologies are difficult to use due to a lack of proper LCC and LCA datasets. As a response to the current problems, many researchers explore potentials in Building Information Modelling (BIM) to improve current construction practice. As a result, a BIM tool - IES IMPACT (Integrated Material Profile And Costing Tool) - has been introduced to the UK construction industry for simultaneous calculation of LCC and LCA. Thus, this research aims at examining the capability and limitation of the IES VE/IMPACT as a BIM tool for whole-house refurbishment. This research reveals that the IES VE/IMPACT is feasible for whole-house refurbishment by providing LCC and LCA information simultaneously for informed decision on refurbishment solution selection. This research shed lights on the current problems lying on the data exchange between two different BIM tools. It is revealed that additional efforts from construction professionals and industry are required to make reliable BIM objects library with LCC and LCA datasets. KEYWORDS: BIM, Housing Refurbishment, Life Cycle Cost, Life Cycle Assessment 1) 정회원, University of South Australia, School of Natural and Built Environments, Lecturer (ki.kim@unisa.edu.au) 2) 정회원, Massey University, School of Engineering and Advanced Techology, Senior Lecturer (k.park@massey.ac.nz) (교신저자) DOI: https://doi.org/10.13161/kibim.2016.6.4.009 1. Introduction The UK government legislated in the Climate Change Act 2008 for an 80% CO2 reduction by 2050 against 1990 levels and it is very challenging because it could not be achieved without improving energy efficiency across all sectors of the UK economy. The similar efforts to reduce CO2 emission have been made in South Korea as the government mandates 90% energy consumption reduction against 2009, and zero energy building from 2025 (MOLIT, 2014). UK Government mandates more efficient use of energy in all economic sectors, and in particular more attention should be drawn to the housing sector as it a major contributor to a large amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions (Bell and Lowe, 2000). The UK has the oldest housing stock among the developed countries as 8.5 million properties are over 60 years old (National Refurbishment Centre, 2012), and currently, 45% of total CO2 emission in the UK is generated from the existing buildings, and particularly, existing housing stock alone accounts for 27% (Kelly, 2009). Particularly, 10% of total income of average family in South Korea is spent on energy and fuel for heating and hot water which is large amount of expenditure. Thus, it is important to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission by 2025. Indeed, there is a great opportunity lying on the existing housing stock to achieve the targeted CO2 reduction as the whole-house refurbishment can achieve significant energy savings and CO2 reduction since all the refurbishment works will be carried on at once and many researchers agree that comprehensive whole-house refurbishment for substantial energy efficiency improvement of existing housing stock needs to be adopted to achieve the reduction target (Itard and Meijer, 2008; Summerson, 2011; Boardman, 2007; Killip, 2008; Reeves, 2009). However, the whole-house refurbishment requires a larger capital investment in the construction phase to achieve lower operational energy cost and CO2 emission in the use phase and there is a lack of skilled personnel who can manage the trade-off