International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2019): 7.583 Volume 9 Issue 10, October 2020 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY The Administration of Moringa Seed Oil (Moringaoleifera L.) Inhibited the Decrease of Leydig Cell and Testosterone Level in Male Wistar Rats (Rattusnorvegicus) that are Exposed to Cigarette Smokes NinikSetya Hastuti 1 , Wimpie I.Pangkahila 2 , Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah Susraini 3 1 Master Student in Biomedical Sciences (Anti-Aging Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, drniniksetya[at]gmail.com 2 Lecture of Anti-Aging Medicine Concentration, Biomedical Science, Medical Faculty, Udayana University Wimpie.pangkahila[at]gmail.com 3 Lecture of Anti-Aging Medicine Concentration, Biomedical Science, Medical Faculty, Udayana University Susraini1303[at]yahoo.com Abstract: Moringaoleifera L. Kelor in Indonesian ,the ripe seed is believed to have anti-aging properties. Cigarette smoke is one of the free radicals responsible for aging process. Decrease in testosterone is one of the indicators of the occurrence of aging process. Moringa seed oil (MSO) contains a number of chemical substances: alkaloid, phenol, flavonoid, sterol, tannin, saponin, protein, mineral, vitamin A, C, and E. This study was conducted to explore the effects of MSO on testosterone level and generate histology description of Leydig cell in Wistar rats. The study was a true experimental study that applied posttest-only controlled group as its research design. The samples in this study were 32 male healthy Wistar rats aged 6 months with body weight of 200-230 grams, which were divided into 2 groups, with 16 rats each. The control group was administered with plasebo (aquadest) with 1 ml/100 grams bw/day dosage, while the treatment group was administered with MSO with 2ml/kg bw/day dosage immediately after being exposed to 4 sticks of cloves (kretek) cigarettes. The treatment was given once a day for 14 days. On day 22, the rats were euthanized, then measured testosterone level with ELISA method and testicle surgery was conducted to generate microscopic supply, calculate the number of Leydig cells. The analysis result of the Leydig cells calculation showed that the average total /1 HPF in the control group was 20.33±4.19 and in the treatment group was 32,41±7,26 with p฀ 0.001. The average value of testosterone level in the controlled group was 2.237±0.401 and the treatment group was 2.938±0.326. With an independent sample t test, the number of Leydig cells in the treatment group was more significant (p฀ 0,001) and testosterone level showed significantly higher in the treatment group (p฀ 0,001). The concluded that administration of MSO potentially inhibits the decreased of Leydig cells and testosterone level in male Wistar rats that were exposed to cigarette smoke. Keywords: moringa seed oil, MSO, Leydig cell, testosterone level, exposure to cigarettesmoke 1. Introduction The new concept in Anti Aging Medicine suggests that aging is preventable, inhibitable, and that one’s condition can be reversed back to optimal condition. Aging process is influenced by internal and external factors. Internalfactors are triggered by free radicals, decreasing hormone, glycosylation, methylation, and apoptosis processes, degrading immune system, and gene, while external factors are primarily triggered by unhealthy lifestyle, unhealthy diet, inappropriate habit, environmental pollution, stress, and poverty. Cigarette smoke plays role in aging process[1]. Cigarette smoke contains a number of hazardous chemical substance, namely nitrogen, ammonia, CO2, H2O, NO, SO, CO,nicotine, tar and metal[2]-[3]. These constitute free radicals that will cause oxidative damage in certain protein, lipid, and DNA[4]-[5].Oxidative stress in testicle that is caused by tobacco product leads to a significant increase in peroxidation lipid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreasing rate of glutathione (GSH), catalase, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)[5]-[6].Nicotine can work in GABA neurons which will inhibit GnRH’s activity that functions as a testosterone regulator through FSH and LH feedback mechanism[7]. The cadmium content causes distraction in adenylyl cyclase enzyme activities in the Leydig cell membrane, which in turn leads to the synthesis of testosterone hormone[8]. Testosterone do not only function in sexual and reproductive organs, but also influence muscle growth, development of bone mass, erythropoiesis, cognitive function, and life comfort.The aging in rats is associated with the decreasing concentration of testosterone in the serum which is caused by the decreasing production of testosterone by Leydig cell[9]-[10]. The low testosterone level might cause anatomic impairment as well as disfunction of sexual and reproductive organs. This condition is also experienced when aging process takes place[1]-[11]. Moringa seed oil contains alkaloid, phenol, flavonoid, organic acid, sterol, tannin, saponin, epicatechin, carotenoid, ascorbate, tocopherol, beta-sitosterol, moringin, essential amino acid Kaempferol, macro mineral and micro mineral, Paper ID: SR201013201115 DOI: 10.21275/SR201013201115 908