Natural Resources, 2020, 11, 168-183
https://www.scirp.org/journal/nr
ISSN Online: 2158-7086
ISSN Print: 2158-706X
DOI: 10.4236/nr.2020.114011 Apr. 23, 2020 168 Natural Resources
Mineralogical Studies on Some Selected
Semi-Precious Stones from Northeast Jordan
Khaled Tarawneh
1*
, Hani Alnawafleh
2
, Ibrahim Bani Yasin
3
1
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan
2
Mining and Mineral Department, Engineering Faculty, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
3
Applied Geology and Environmental Department, Al Albayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
Abstract
A semi-precious stone is known as a gem or gemstone (also a jewel, a gem, a
precious stone), which is a portion of mineral in refined and cut form that
could be used to create a jewelry or other embellishments. A gem also can be
defined as any mineral that is highly prized for its beauty, durability, and rar-
ity, is used for personal adornment and has been enhanced in some manner
by altering its shape usually by cutting and polishing. Semi-precious stones
occurred as xenolithes are widespread in Jordan within different source of
rocks. High grade of copper as malachite and chrysocolla and plancheite is
suitable for gemstone manufacture found in Finan area. High purity of garnet
can be found in metamorphic rocks in Wadi Araba area, whereas xenoliths of
pyroxene, olivine and spinel-perioditite and garnet are wide spread in basalt
and pyroclastic materials in northeast Jordan. The studied semi-precious
stones are part of the Miocene alkali basaltic rocks that covered the northeas-
tern part of Jordan within Harrat Al-Shaam Basaltic Super Group Plateau
concentrated mainly in volcanic centers and volcaniclastic materials of Ari-
tian, Hassan, Ufiyahim and Bishriyya formations. Some of these xenoliths
and xenocrysts can be considered as semi-precious stones. This study is fo-
cused on characterization of petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of
these semi-precious stones like olivine, pyroxene and garnet xenoliths that
have been collected from selected areas in northeast Jordan. The samples
were analyzed by polarizing microscope, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray
Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Cutting and
polishing tests have shown that some of the studied xenoliths are suitable for
manufacturing attractively colored gemstones and could be considered as
semi-precious stones. The geological chances for the discovery of some hun-
dreds of tons of these gemstone-raw materials are considered to be good in
volcaniclastic materials that are associated within different volcanic centers at
How to cite this paper: Tarawneh, K., Alna-
wafleh, H. and Yasin, I.B. (2020) Mineralogi-
cal Studies on Some Selected Semi-Precious
Stones from Northeast Jordan. Natural Re-
sources, 11, 168-183.
https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2020.114011
Received: March 18, 2020
Accepted: April 20, 2020
Published: April 23, 2020
Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access