Citation: Ahmad, J.; Majdi, A.; Deifalla, A.F.; Isleem, H.F.; Rahmawati, C. Concrete Made with Partially Substitutions of Copper Slag (CPS): State of the Art Review. Materials 2022, 15, 5196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma15155196 Academic Editors: Stefano Guarino and Flaviana Tagliaferri Received: 9 June 2022 Accepted: 3 July 2022 Published: 27 July 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). materials Review Concrete Made with Partially Substitutions of Copper Slag (CPS): State of the Art Review Jawad Ahmad 1, * , Ali Majdi 2 , Ahmed Farouk Deifalla 3, * , Haytham F. Isleem 4 and Cut Rahmawati 5 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Military College of Engineering, Risalpur, Sub Campus of Natioanl University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 2 Department of Building and Construction Technologies and Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq; alimajdi@mustaqbal-college.edu.iq 3 Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt 4 Department of Construction Management, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; hathamisleem@mail.qjnu.edu.cn 5 Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, Indonesia; cutrahmawati@abulyatama.ac.id * Correspondence: jawadcivil13@scetwah.edu.pk (J.A.); ahmed.deifalla@fue.edu.eg (A.F.D.) Abstract: Copper slag (CPS) is a large amount of waste material produced during the manufacture of copper. The disposal of this waste material becomes a problem for environmental concerns. Therefore, it is necessary to explore feasible alternate disposal options. They may also be utilized in concrete manufacturing to cut down on the usage of cement and natural aggregates. A lot of researchers focus on utilizing CPS in concrete, either as a cement replacement or as a filler material. This article aims to summarize the literature already carried out on CPS in conventional concrete to identify the influence of CPS on the fresh, hardened and durability performance of cement concrete. Results indicate that CPS improved the strength and durability performance of concrete but simultaneously decreased the slump value of concrete. Furthermore, an increase in the durability performance of concrete was also observed with CPS. However, the higher dose results declined in mechanical and durability aspects owing to a scarcity of flowability. Therefore, it is suggested to use the optimum dose of CPS. However, a different researcher recommends a different optimum dose ranging from 50 to 60% by weight of fine aggregate depending on the source of CPS. The review also recommends future researcher guidelines on CPS in concrete. Keywords: copper slag; mechanical strength; flowability; chemical composition and microstructure analysis 1. Introduction A widely utilized raw material in construction is concrete, which is the basis for all construction and development initiatives around the globe, serving as the base for all build- ings and infrastructure [1–3]. The environmental impact of concrete’s primary ingredients changes depending on the kind of concrete and the amount of cement applied. Because concrete is utilized in such huge amounts across the globe, it raises several questions about its long-term viability [4]. An increase in the amount of riverbed sand and gravel, which are used as concrete components, is raising significant worry among environmentalists. The increased removal of natural sand from riverbeds has come from the extensive usage of concrete, which has occurred because of the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the world’s population. Enhancement of riverbed distance, a decrease in the water table, revelation of bridge substructures, the most significant influence on rivers, deltas, coastal and marine ecologies, land loss as a result of the river or coastal erosion and a reduction in the quantity of deposit sources are just a few of the negative consequences of sedimen- tation [5]. Moreover, owing to limits on removal of sand from rivers, the construction Materials 2022, 15, 5196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155196 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials