https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481319835639
Discourse & Communication
1–17
© The Author(s) 2019
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DOI: 10.1177/1750481319835639
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Weaponized iconoclasm in
Internet memes featuring the
expression ‘Fake News’
Christopher A Smith
School of Linguistics and Language Studies,Carleton University, Canada
Abstract
The expression ‘Fake News’ inside Internet memes engenders significant online virulence, possibly
heralding an iconoclastic emergence of weaponized propaganda for assaulting agencies reared on
public trust. Internet memes are multimodal artifacts featuring ideological singularities designed
for ‘flash’ consumption, often composed by numerous voices echoing popular, online culture.
This study proposes that ‘Fake News’ Internet memes are weaponized iconoclastic multimodal
propaganda (WIMP) discourse and attempts to delineate them as such by asking: What power
relations and ideologies do Internet memes featuring the expression ‘fake news’ harbor? How
might those manifestations qualify as WIMP discourse? A multimodal critical discourse analysis
of a small pool of ‘fake news’ Internet memes drawn from four popular social media websites
revealed what agencies were often targeted and from what political canons they likely emerged.
Findings indicate that many Internet memes featuring ‘fake news’ are specifically directed, revealing
an underlying hazard that WIMP discourse could diminish democratic processes while influencing
online trajectories of public discourse.
Keywords
Fake News, Internet memes, multimodal critical discourse analysis, propaganda, weaponized
discourse
Introduction
This study examines Internet memes featuring the expression ‘fake news’. Using
Machin and Mayr’s (2012) multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA), atten-
tion is given to analyzing the power relations and ideologies in ‘fake news’ Internet
Corresponding author:
Christopher A Smith, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Paterson Building 236, Ottawa, ON, K1S
5B6 ,Canada.
Email: Christophersmith5@cmail.carleton.ca
835639DCM 0 0 10.1177/1750481319835639Discourse & CommunicationSmith
research-article 2019
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