CONTROLLER TEAM POSSIBILITIES FOR SECTORLESS AIR TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
Bettina Birkmeier, Sebastian Tittel, Bernd Korn
German Aerospace Center, DLR, Braunschweig, Germany
Abstract
Sectorless air traffic management is an en-route
concept, which eliminates the need for control
sectors. Instead of assigning a geographic
area (sector), air traffic controllers are assigned
certain aircraft. Controllers are responsible for their
assigned aircraft all the way from entry to exit.
In previous simulations, one controller was
responsible for six aircraft at the same time. As these
aircraft can be located anywhere in the sectorless
airspace, controllers were provided with one traffic
display for each assigned aircraft.
This discussion paper suggests other
possibilities for providing traffic information to
sectorless air traffic controllers. Instead of having one
traffic display for each aircraft under control (tiled
display), controllers could work with a general map,
a zoom display to magnify certain traffic situations,
or a combination of such displays.
We revisit the concept of controller teams and
explore alternatives. In addition to working alone or
in pairs of executive and controller, the sectorless air
traffic management concept opens possibilities for
innovative teamwork. For example, there could be a
team of one coordinator and several executives, or
even a control-room team.
This paper gives examples of new display and
team ideas and discusses their respective advantages
and disadvantages. We argue that the way traffic
information is displayed to controllers affects their
mental models and working methods. In addition, we
provide results on the tiled display from previous
simulations and introduce ideas for future research.
Introduction
Sectorless air traffic management (ATM) has
been researched at the German Aerospace Center
DLR since 2008 [1]. It is an en-route concept for air
traffic control, where controllers are no longer in
charge of geographic sectors but are assigned
individual aircraft anywhere in the airspace.
Controllers are responsible for the assigned aircraft
from their entry into the sectorless airspace until their
exit.
Previous DLR papers have investigated various
aspects of the concept: General feasibility of the
concept for upper airspace was proven in 2011 [2]. A
2010 paper discussed the compatibility of sectorless
ATM with the Single European Sky ATM
Research (SESAR) [3]. The concept will be part of
SESAR 2020 as described in the multi-annual work
programme [4]. Further DLR research covered
priority rules [5], assignment strategies [6], the
controller’s mental model [7], controller tasks [8], a
safety net [9], a safety assessment [14], transition
strategies [15], and color schemata for the controller
working position [16]. A research report [17]
summarizes DLR research on sectorless ATM
between 2009 and 2014.
Validations have been run on DLR’s TrafficSim,
a simulator which is capable of fast-time and real-
time simulations [2]. In real-time simulations, the
simulator can be equipped with as many controller
working positions (CWPs) as needed; traffic which is
not assigned to simulation controllers can be guided
by the simulator.
Among experts and simulation participants, the
design of the CWPs has been controversially
discussed. Current CWP design supports a method of
working where one controller is responsible for six
aircraft at the same time. The decision to have just
one sectorless controller instead of a team of
executive and planner [7] has been another topic of
many discussions [9].
For a general introduction to the concept of
teams and teamwork, please refer to Paris et al. [10].
They give a review of team research, including an
introduction to teams, team member selection, and
team performance and effectiveness assessment.
Paris et al. claim that among others, shared situation
awareness is one behavior or skill of teams.
EUROCONTROL [13] provides more specific
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