M. Schaffer,*
,
** B. Schaffer,*
,
*** Q. Ramasse,*
,
** M. Falke,**** D. Abou-Ras,*****
S.S. Schmidt,***** R. Caballero,***** and K. Marquardt, ******
* SuperSTEM, STFC Daresbury Laboratories, Keckwick Lane, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
** Department of Engineering, George Holt Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
*** Kelvin Nanocharacterisation Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
**** Bruker Nano GmbH, Schwarzschildstrasse 12, 12489 Berlin, Germany
***** Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
****** GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
The focused ion beam (FIB) instrument is well established as a powerful sample preparation tool for
materials analysis. The unique ability of FIB instruments to prepare smallest sample volumes from
exactly defined areas of interest make them perfect and invaluable for preparation of thin lamellas in
both, cross-section and plan-view configurations, for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and
scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) [1,2]. Within the last decade, several different
FIB sample preparation techniques were developed and steadily improved, and their advantages and
differences have been reviewed [3].
During the same period, TEM techniques have made a great leap forward by the introduction of Cs
correctors [4,5]. Sub angstrom image resolution and atomically resolved electron energy-loss
spectroscopy (EELS) allow new questions of materials science to be tackled. However, such
outstanding results can only be obtained from samples of supreme quality regarding thickness,
cleanliness and structural integrity. The recent development in different EM techniques towards
lower acceleration voltages results in the need for even better samples. FIB preparation without
subsequent sample treatment has often been hastily regarded as insufficient technique for atomic
resolution STEM at low voltages. Typically, such investigations require a FIB prepared sample to
achieve less than 30 nm thickness with a minimum of ion beam damage and material redeposition of
sputtered material at the sidewalls.
In this contribution we will show that latest generation DualBeam FIB instruments with optimized
preparation protocols and the capability of low-kV milling down to 0.5 kV can meet these high
expectations and provide samples for atomic resolution Cs-corrected STEM EELS analysis even at
low voltages down to 60 kV. Specimen thickness between 15 and 30 nm can be achieved for a large
variety of materials without loosing the unique advantages of FIB site specific and small-volume
preparation. In addition, FIB preparation offers the advantage of minimizing sources of sample
contamination, as glues are completely avoided. Additionally, specimen size is reduced in
comparison to other preparation techniques, reducing the surface area from which contaminants may
migrate towards the electron transparent section.
We will present results of interfaces in metal-disilicide/silicon systems (Fig. 1), grain boundary
investigations in Cu(In,Ga)Se
2
based solar cell devices (Fig. 2), and target preparation for inter-
diffusion investigations in a YAG bi-crystal. The improved FIB preparation enabled high sensitivity
work which was formerly not accessible with standard conventional and FIB sample preparation of
the materials. All STEM investigations were performed with the NION UltraSTEM 100 at
SuperSTEM/Daresbury UK.
630
doi:10.1017/S1431927611004028
Microsc. Microanal. 17 (Suppl 2), 2011
© Microscopy Society of America 2011
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611004028
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