Familism values across the transition to adolescent motherhood: Links to family functioning and Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ adjustment KIMBERLY A. UPDEGRAFF, a ADRIANA J. UMAN ˜ A-TAYLOR, b KATHARINE H. ZEIDERS, c DIAMOND Y. BRAVO, b AND LAUDAN B. JAHROMI d a Arizona State University; b Harvard University; c University of Arizona and d Teachers College, Columbia University Abstract Familism values are conceptualized as a key source of resilience for Latino adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment. The current study addressed the developmental progression and correlates of familism within the context of the transition to adolescent motherhood. Participants were 191 Mexican-origin pregnant adolescents (15 to 18 years of age at first pregnancy; M age ¼ 16.76 years; SD ¼ 0.98) who were having their first child. Adolescents completed interviews during their third trimester of pregnancy and annually for 5 years after (Waves 1 through 6). We examined changes in familism values across the transition to adolescent motherhood and the moderating role of age at pregnancy. Moderation analyses revealed differences in familism trajectories for younger versus olderadolescents. We also examined whether familism values were related to family relationship dynamics (i.e., adolescents’ relationships with their own mother figures) and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, respectively, using multilevel modelsto test both between-person and within-person associations. Adolescents’ stronger familism values were related to adolescent–mother figurewarmth and conflict, coparenting communication, and three dimensions of social support from mother figures, but no associations emerged for coparental conflict, adolescents’ depressive symptoms, or self-esteem. Discussion addressesthese findings in the context of culturally grounded models of ethnic–racial minority youth development and psychopathology. Latino cultures place a strong emphasis on values that reflect the importance of family, referred to as familism values (Knight et al., 2010; Sabogal, Marı ´n, Otero-Sabogal, Marı ´n, & Perez-Stable, 1987), familismo (Calzada, Tamis-LeM- onda, & Yoshikawa, 2012), or familialism (Campos et al., 2008). Familism values encompass beliefs that family is an important source of support and attachment, that one must be loyal to one’s family, and that the needs of the family should be placed above one’s own needs (Knight et al., 2010; Sabogal et al., 1987; Steidel & Contreras, 2003). This strong emphasis in Latino cultures on familism values is conceptualized as a key source of resilience for Latino ado- lescents’ psychosocial adjustment (Gonzales, Germa ´n, & Fabrett, 2012). Yet, an important limitation in the field is the failure to consider cultural constructs, such as familism values, as developmental processes rather than as static, fixed characteristics of individuals (Causadias, 2013). Studying how cultural processes unfold at both individual and social levels is critical to understanding their role in the develop- ment and maintenance of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors (Causadias, 2013). A small body of longitudinal research has documented the development of familism values from adolescence through early adulthood (Fuligni & Pederson, 2002; Knight, Mazza, & Carlo, 2018; Padilla, McHale, Rovine, Updegraff, & Uman ˜a-Taylor, 2016), as well as the implications of familism values for family functioning and youth adjustment (e.g., Knight et al., 2018; Padilla et al., 2016; Zeiders et al., 2013). We know little, however, about cultural development among adolescents who experience an atypical life transition during adolescence, such as the early transition to adolescent motherhood. Understanding these developmental patterns among adolescent mothers has important implications both for advancing research on the role of culture in developmental psychopathology (Causadias, 2013) and for informing inter- vention efforts with at-risk populations. Toward this end, the current study examined trajectories of familism values from middle through late adolescence among Latina females of Mexican origin making an early transition to motherhood. Further, we examined the link between adolescents’ familism Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kimberly Updegraff, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, PO Box 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701; E-mail: Kimberly.updegraff@asu.edu. This research was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Hu- man Development (Grant R01HD061376; PI: Uman ˜a-Taylor), the Depart- ment of Health and Human Services (Grant APRPA006001; PI: Uman ˜a-Tay- lor), and the Cowden Fund to the School of Social and Family Dynamics at Arizona State University. We thank the families who participated in this study, the agencies and community partners who facilitated participant re- cruitment efforts, and the undergraduate research assistants, graduate re- search assistants, and staff of the Supporting MAMI project for their contri- butions to the larger study. Development and Psychopathology 30 (2018), 1589–1609 # Cambridge University Press 2018 doi:10.1017/S0954579418000986 1589