Citation: Kabakama, S.; Konje, E.T.;
Dinga, J.N.; Kishamawe, C.;
Morhason-Bello, I.; Hayombe, P.;
Adeyemi, O.; Chimuka, E.; Lumu, I.;
Amuasi, J.; et al. Commentary on
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in
sub-Saharan Africa. Trop. Med. Infect.
Dis. 2022, 7, 130. https://doi.org/
10.3390/tropicalmed7070130
Academic Editors: John Frean,
Lucille Blumberg and Peter A. Leggat
Received: 16 June 2022
Accepted: 3 July 2022
Published: 11 July 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
Tropical Medicine and
Infectious Disease
Commentary
Commentary on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in
sub-Saharan Africa
Severin Kabakama
1,
* , Eveline T. Konje
2
, Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
3,4
, Colman Kishamawe
5
,
Imran Morhason-Bello
6
, Peter Hayombe
7
, Olufela Adeyemi
8
, Ernest Chimuka
9
, Ivan Lumu
10
,
John Amuasi
11
, Theophilus Acheampong
12
and Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
13
1
Humanitarian and Public Health Consultant, Mwanza P.O. Box 511, Tanzania
2
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health,
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; ekonje28@bugando.ac.tz
3
Michael Gahnyam Gbeugvat Foundation, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; djnyhalah@yahoo.com
4
Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
5
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania; kishamawe@yahoo.com
6
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,
Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan 200132, Nigeria; iomorhason-bello@com.ui.edu.ng
7
Khasto Consultants, Nairobi P.O. Box 18690-00100, Kenya; pkhayombe@khastoconsultants.org
8
Ascendant & Company Ltd., 515 Freetown Highway, Sima Town, Western Area, Waterloo, Sierra Leone;
olufela.adeyemi@asendantandcompny.com
9
Apolowil Consultants, 113A Fife Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; ernest@apolowilconsultants.com
10
Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere
University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; ilumu@idi.co.ug
11
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; amuasi@kccr.de
12
iRIS Research Consortium, 6 Ashur Suites, North Legon, Accra, Ghana; theo.acheampong@gmail.com
13
Faculty of Health Sciences, 31 Bophelo Road, Gezina, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa;
td2581@cumc.columbia.edu
* Correspondence: skabaka@yahoo.com
Abstract: Rates of vaccination against COVID-19 remain lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other
low and middle-income regions. This is, in part, attributed to vaccine hesitancy, mainly due to
misinformation about vaccine origin, efficacy and safety. From August to December 2021, we gathered
the latest experiences and opinions on four vaccine hesitancy-related areas (policies, perceived risk
religious beliefs, and misinformation) from 12 sub-Saharan African researchers, four of whom have
published about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The authors included two political and business
experts, six public health specialists, five epidemiologists, and four biostatisticians from ten sub-
Saharan African countries( Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe). The authors’ overarching opinions were that political influences,
religious beliefs and low perceived risk exists in sub-Saharan Africa, and they collectively contribute
to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Communication strategies should target populations initially thought
by policy makers to be at low risk, use multiple communication avenues and address major concerns
in the population.
Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine hesitancy; sub-Saharan Africa
1. Introduction
Globally, there had been 522 million COVID-19 cases and six million COVID-19-related
deaths by the third week of May 2022 [1]. The African region has reported over nine million
cumulative COVID-19 cases and 172,308 deaths since the pandemic started. COVID-19
vaccines have proved to be an effective solution to preventing morbidity and mortality.
These are complemented by other non-pharmaceutical interventions such as mask-wearing,
social distancing, and hand washing.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070130 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/tropicalmed