ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ. 2016. № 4 75
УДК 94(47).072.5:303.446.4
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Земцов Владимир Николаевич,
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П Р Б. Н. Е; e-mail: vladimirzemtsov@yandex.ru
РУССКАЯ КАМПАНИЯ НАПОЛЕОНА: 200 ЛЕТ ПОИСКА ИСТИНЫ
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КЛЧЕВЕ СЛОВА : Н, О 1812 ., -
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АННОТАЦИ. Р Н 1813-1814 .
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Zemtsov Vladimir Nikolaevich,
Doctor of History, Professor, Head of Department of General History, Ural State Pedagogical University; Professor of Depart-
ment of New and Contemporary History, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin,
Ekaterinburg, Russia.
RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF NAPOLEON: 200 YEARS OF SEEKING TRUTH
KEYWORDS: Napoleon’s Russian campaign; the Patriotic War of 1812; historical memory; national
historiographic tradition.
ABSTRACT. Napoleon’s Russian campaign and the subsequent events of 1813-1814 had a huge impact: Napo-
leon's project of a United Europe had collapsed, and the formation of national identity of many nations, pri-
marily Russian, German, and Spanish had begun. The events of those years could not fail to produce thou-
sands of various legends, which became, in turn, the foundation for the formation of basic historical myths of
a number of European nations. Connected with the practice of "scientific research", national historical myths
laid the foundations of the consciousness of many modern European nations, and even spawned what is to-
day known as the historic politics and policies of the past. The author of the article comes to the following
conclusions. The Russian tradition of studying the war was, for the most part, under the influence and control
of the institutions of power (Monarchy-Patriotic or Soviet-Patriotic). Since the mid-1980s there began the
process of rapid expansion of research tools, attempts were made to formulate problems, contrary to the es-
tablished tradition. The foreign traditions of studying the problems of 1812 represent several national seg-
ments. As a rule, recourse to the events of the Russian campaign of Napoleon was determined by a certain
stage of national history of the French, Germans, Poles, Italians, the British, Americans and other peoples.
Now we clearly realize the necessity of connection of the achievements of Russian historiography, especially
of the last two decades, with methodological and presentational search of foreign authors, which could have a
beneficial impact on the study of events and the meaning of what happened in 1812.
ussian
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campaign of Napoleon and the
subsequent events of 1813-1814 has
had a huge impact: collapsed Napoleon's project
of a United Europe and began the formation of
national identity of many Nations, primarily
Russian, German and Spanish... The events of
those years could not fail to produce thousands
of various legends, which became, in turn, the
basis for the formation of basic historical myths
16
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке
Российского научного фонда (проект № 16-18-10041).
of a number of European Nations. Connected
with the practice of "scientific research", nation-
al historical myths laid the foundations of the
consciousness of many modern European Na-
tions, and even spawned what is today known as
the historic politics and policies of the past.
Look for the first how these processes oc-
curred in Russia. Already during the war of
1812 two trends in the interpretation of the
meaning and course of events were identified.
The first trend is predefined by the official au-
thorities and has its origins in the writings of
R
© З В. Н., 2016