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Journal of Power Sources
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpowsour
In-situ characterizations of chemo-mechanical behavior of free-standing
vanadium pentoxide cathode for lithium-ion batteries during discharge-
charge cycling using digital image correlation
Weiguo Mao
a
, Zhuo Wang
a
, Caisheng Li
a
, Xiaoxue Zhu
a
, Cuiying Dai
a,*
, Haoyong Yang
a
,
Xi Chen
b,**
, Daining Fang
c
a
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, China
b
Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
c
Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
HIGHLIGHTS
•
The free-standing nanobelts structure
V
2
O
5
cathodes were successfully syn-
thesized.
•
An in-situ and non-contact strain
measurement system with digital
image correlation.
•
Heterogeneous strain features of V
2
O
5
cathode were successfully in-situ
monitored.
•
The corresponding stress evolutions of
V
2
O
5
cathode were systematically
discussed.
•
The results are crucial to reveal the
chemo-mechanical mechanisms of
V
2
O
5
cathode.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ARTICLE INFO
Keywords:
Vanadium pentoxide
In-situ measurement
Heterogeneous strain
Digital image correlation
Chemo-mechanical coupling mechanism
ABSTRACT
The free-standing V
2
O
5
nanobelts cathodes for lithium-ion batteries are synthesized through hydrothermal re-
action followed by anneal treatments and vacuum filtration deposition. The well cycling performances of the
electrode were verified by battery test system. The microstructure and surface morphologies of the V
2
O
5
elec-
trode before and after discharge-charge cycles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron mi-
croscope, respectively. The evolutions of strain fields of free-standing V
2
O
5
electrodes are in-situ measured by
digital image correlation technique. The heterogeneous features of in-plane strains of V
2
O
5
electrode surface in
macro-scales are characterized and systematically discussed as a function of test time (or voltage). Given the
effect that the elastic modulus is dependent on the concentration and cycling number, the evolutions of in-plane
stresses of V
2
O
5
cathodes during discharge-charge cycling are estimated using a chemo-mechanical constitutive
equation. The influences of chemical and mechanical components on in-plane stresses are extracted and dis-
cussed, respectively. The results are crucial to further reveal the chemo-mechanical coupling failure mechanism
of V
2
O
5
cathode and optimize the electrode structure of lithium-ion battery systems.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.047
Received 7 March 2018; Received in revised form 15 July 2018; Accepted 16 September 2018
*
Corresponding author.
**
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: daicuiying@126.com (C. Dai), xichen@columbia.edu (X. Chen).
Journal of Power Sources 402 (2018) 272–280
0378-7753/ © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
T