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Corresponding author: I. Musirin, Power System Operation Computationan Intelligence Research Group
(POSC), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia E-mail: ismailbm1@gmail.com
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Copyright © JES 2016 on-line : journal/esrgroups.org/jes
Nur Zahirah Mohd
Ali,
Ismail Musirin
*
,
Saiful Izwan Suliman,
Ngah Ramzi Hamzah,
Zuhaina Zakaria
Regular paper
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Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Adaptive Embedded Clonal Evolutionary Programming; loss
minimization.
Article history: Received 6 December 2015, Accepted 10 February 2016
1. Introduction
One of the power distribution system activities is contrived with the power distribution
arrangement to address the growing demand for electrical power is increasing from year to
year. Among these plans is to furnish a dependable and low cost to the consumer while
ensuring power quality and potential drop are within the standard scope. To achieve this
plan, the strengthening of existing lines and substations, or make a new installation should
be carried out. Today, distributed generation is becoming the choice of new capacity has
arisen in the system operating environment over economic power. The importance of
distributed generation power systems is an advantage in terms of technical, economic and
operational characteristics change [1]. However, the penetration of renewable energy-based
distributed generation in power distribution will be increased in the hereafter by a variety of
factors. Models of distributed generation such as wind and solar energy can affect voltage
regulation in power distribution organizations. To overcome this problem, the location and
size of distributed generation are essential before any installation is carried out [2].
Therefore, how to comprehensively analyze the impacts of the different types of distributed
generators on the distribution system reliability is a critical issue to be addressed [3].
There has been an increased interest in installing distributed generation of the
distribution systems due to considerable advantages such as power loss reduction, cost
reduction, environmental friendliness, voltage improvement, postponement of system
upgrades and increasing reliability. To achieve one of these advantages, Abu-Mouti and El-
Hawary [4] finds the optimal location and size of the DG to minimise the total system
power loss for radial distribution feeder systems. For this reason, different methodologies
and tools have been developed and discussed by many researchers to identify the optimal
place and sizing to install DG. These methodologies are based on analytical and AI
optimization techniques. Lee and Park, [5] proposed the method for selecting the optimal
locations and sizes of multiple distributed generations (DGs). In this study, a method to