Applied Science and Innovative Research ISSN 2474-4972 (Print) ISSN 2474-4980 (Online) Vol. 3, No. 3, 2019 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/asir 153 Original Paper Osteopenia and Osteoporosis Assessed by Dual X Absorptiometry in Sickle Cell Anemia Adults Subjects Joseph Médard Kabeya Kabenkama 1* , Minouche Bukumba 1 , Orly Kazadi 2 , Frederic Tshibasu 1 , Angele Mbongo Tanzia 1 , Antoine Molua Aundu 1 , Jean Mukaya Tshibola 1 , Luc Mokassa Bakumobatane 1 , Michel Lelo Tshikwela 1 & Jean-Marie Mbuyi Muamba 3 1 Department of Radiology, Kinshasa University School of Medicine and Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 Department of pediatrics, Kinshasa University School of Medicine and Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Kinshasa University School of Medicine and Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo * Joseph Médard Kabeya Kabenkama, Department of Radiology, Kinshasa University School of Medicine and Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo Received: July 11, 2019 Accepted: July 22, 2019 Online Published: August 12, 2019 doi:10.22158/asir.v3n3p153 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v3n3p153 Abstract Background: Sickle cell anemia is the most common genetic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. It is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chronic hemolysis secondary to falciformation of red blood cells, also responsible of ischemia, bone infarction and accompanied by serious infections and organic lesions. Normal for weight at birth, Sickle cell anemia subjects have low pre puberty growth compared to normal children and also have compromised bone remodeling balance which results in decrease of bone mass and increase of bone fragility. Several studies have established that 37% to 50% of SCA patients were osteopenic or osteoporotic. This study aims to confirm the existence of bone remodeling disorders with osteoporotic translation and to compare the values found in Congolese sickle cell adults subjects to the general population. Methods: Spine and hip DXA were conducted on 270 SS homozygotes aged 18 to 50 years (121 men and 149 women) and 359 AA homozygotes as controls (138 men and 221 women), aged from 18 to 50 years old, who agreed to participate in the study, considered as a control group. AS heterozygotes were not included in the study.