Mathematical Biosciences and Engineer http://www.aimspress.com/journal/M Research article Systematic analysis of s non-invasive fetal electr Eleonora Sulas 1, *, Monica Urru 1 Department of Electrical and E 2 Division of Pediatric Cardiolog * Correspondence: Email: eleon +390706755782. Abstract: Non-invasive fetal elec few decades. Due to instrumenta signal-to-noise ratio for fetal ECG the maternal ECG signal and e recordings. Of these, adaptive fi number of signal channels availab placement. In this work, we multi-reference implementations o their performances on real and maternal ECG attenuation, and f expected superior performance of except the QRS detection accurac this technique with different lead quality indexes. The results revea the fetal heart rate is of interest, accuracy, regardless of the referen Keywords: adaptive filter; QRD rate; fetal monitoring; perinatal m ring Vo MBE, 17 DOI: 10 Received Accepted Publishe MBE single- and multi-reference ada rocardiography u 2 , Roberto Tumbarello 2 , Luigi Raffo 1 and D Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, gy, S. Michele Hospital, Cagliari 09123, Italy nora.sulas@diee.unica.it; Tel: +390706755763 ctrocardiography (ECG) has been a research al noise and the spectral overlap of the mat G is very low. Various techniques have been p extracting the fetal QRS complex from no ilters enable satisfactory extraction when th ble, but the extraction quality is strongly depe systematically analyze this issue by co of QRD-recursive least square (RLS) adaptiv simulated data in terms of the signal-to-in fetal-QRS-complex detection accuracy . Beyo f the multi-reference version (p < 0.05) with cy on synthetic data, we also analyze in deta orientations with respect to the correct interp al that the single-reference approach, which , cannot produce a signal that has acceptabl nce lead selection. D-RLS; fetal ECG; electrocardiography; mult medicine Volume 17, Issue 1, 286–308. 7(1): 286–308. 0.3934/mbe.2020016 d: 10 June 2019 ed: 26 September 2019 ed: 09 October 2019 aptive filters for Danilo Pani 1 , Cagliari 09123, Italy 3; Fax: h challenge for the past ternal ECG signal, the proposed for cancelling on-invasive abdominal here is only a limited endent on the electrode omparing single- and ve filters and evaluating nterference ratio (SIR), yond demonstrating the h respect to all metrics, tail the effectiveness of pretation of the adopted is preferred when only le fetal QRS detection ti-reference; fetal heart