Research Article
An Experimental Test Bed for Developing High-Rate
Structural Health Monitoring Methods
Bryan Joyce ,
1
Jacob Dodson,
2
Simon Laflamme,
3
and Jonathan Hong
4
1
Energy Technologies and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Eglin AFB, FL 32542, USA
2
Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RWMF), Eglin AFB, FL 32542, USA
3
Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
4
Applied Research Associates, Emerald Coast Division, Niceville, FL 32578, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Bryan Joyce; bryan.joyce@udri.udayton.edu
Received 28 February 2018; Revised 20 April 2018; Accepted 2 May 2018; Published 3 June 2018
Academic Editor: Daniele Baraldi
Copyright © 2018 Bryan Joyce et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Complex, high-rate dynamic structures, such as hypersonic air vehicles, space structures, and weapon systems, require structural
health monitoring (SHM) methods that can detect and characterize damage or a change in the system’s confguration on the
order of microseconds. While high-rate SHM methods are an area of current research, there are no benchmark experiments
for validating these algorithms. Tis paper outlines the design of an experimental test bed with user-selectable parameters that
can change rapidly during the system’s response to external forces. Te test bed consists of a cantilever beam with electronically
detachable added masses and roller constrains that move along the beam. Both controllable system changes can simulate system
damage. Experimental results from the test bed are shown in both fxed and changing confgurations. A sliding mode observer
with a recursive least squares parameter estimator is demonstrated that can track the system’s states and changes in its frst natural
frequency.
1. Introduction
Researchers have studied a variety of techniques and appli-
cations for structural health monitoring (SHM) [1–4]. Much
of this interest has focused on civil structures with low
frequency dynamics and use SHM techniques that collect and
process data on the order of several seconds or longer. Many
of these classic methods are too slow to accommodate the
need for real-time SHM in the growing number of advanced
structures in high-rate, dynamically harsh environments,
such as hypervelocity air vehicles, space structures, high-
speed turbomachinery, and weapon systems. Tese structures
can experience high-speed impacts (>4 km/s) that result in
damage propagating through the structures in microseconds
[5, 6]. Tese high-rate dynamic systems present a number
of challenges to contemporary SHM and damage prognosis
algorithms including the need for rapid damage detection,
robustness to sensor noise, uncertainties in external forces,
unknown changes in system parameters, and unmodeled
dynamics [7, 8].
A number of authors have begun to study the problem
of damage detection for high-rate, time-varying systems.
Dodson et al. studied SHM at the microsecond timescales
using strain energy and wave propagation methods [9].
Kettle, Anton, and collaborators have studied extending
electromechanical impedance techniques to the megahertz
frequency range for use in real-time damage detection
[10–12]. Hong et al. utilized a data-driven, variable input
space observer for damage detection [8, 13]. Dodson et
al. previously studied recursive least squares and extended
Kalman flter methods for estimating model parameters in
simulations of time-varying systems [14, 15]. Tese works
show promise for developing techniques for damage detec-
tion in high-rate systems, but sufcient data pertaining
to these rapidly changing systems is limited. Such data is
needed for developing high-rate SHM techniques and gaining
Hindawi
Shock and Vibration
Volume 2018, Article ID 3827463, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3827463