DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163830 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 830 P J M H S Vol. 16, No. 03, MAR 2022 Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on Different Personality Types in Individuals HIRA BUTT 1 , NAUMAN RAUF KHAN 2 , SAEED UR REHMAN 3 , RIZWANA SULTAN 4 , ZAINAB WAHEED 5 , KHADIJA AMJAD 6 1 Demonstrator, Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore. 2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Shalamar Medical college, Lahore. 4 General Dental Practitioner 5 Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, Kabir Medical College 6 Demonstrator, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore. Corresponding author: Dr. Hira Butt, Email: hira.ah.butt@gmail.com, Cell: 0320-4635376 ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of socio-demographic factors on different personality types in individual. Methodology: A Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore over a period of 5 months from July to November 2021. Data was collected using a ten-item personality inventory scale (TIPI). The sociodemographic variables included age, gender, marital status, occupation and educational level. All individuals irrespective of their age and gender were included in the study. Individuals with a history of psychiatric illness were excluded from the study. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in conscientiousness personality traits among age groups (p=0.006). Similarly, the difference in the personality trait of agreeableness (p≤0.001), conscientiousness (=0.016), and emotional stability (p=0.007) across gender was statistically significant. There was also a statistically significant difference in the scores of agreeableness among the employed and unemployed individuals (p=0.044). Conclusion: The conscientiousness personality trait score among age groups was the highest for the age group 50 to 59. The personality trait scores of agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability across gender were higher in females in comparison to males. The contrary was true for emotional stability. The score of agreeableness was higher for unemployed individuals in comparison to employed individuals. Keywords: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, sociodemographic factors. INTRODUCTION People usually deal with different situations and interact with their environment according to their personality traits. Knowledge about an individual's personality can provide valuable information pertaining to what is the best method of communicating with them and it is also the key indicator of traits of an individual's life, including innovativeness and satisfaction with life 1 . Personality is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Researchers proposed a number of models but the most recognized and widely used is the Five-Factor Model (big five ) 2 . Five-factor model is a hierarchical organization of personality traits in terms of five dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience 3 . Extrovert individuals interact with the external world and experience enthusiasm and positive emotions. People with extroversion personalities are generally more socially confident 4 . Agreeable individuals have an optimistic nature. They are honest, trustworthy, sympathetic, affectionate, and cooperative individuals 5 . Conscientiousness is persistent, goal-oriented tends to control impulses and is usually very organized 6 . People with Openness to experience generally try new experiences, artistic and curious. They have intellectual curiosity, aesthetic sensitivity, and creative imagination. 7 Extraversion and Openness are negatively associated with age. Terracciano et al. found that Extraversion generally declined from age 30 to 90, the drop is more pronounced after the mid-50s while Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are positively associated with age 8 . Agreeableness increases with age whereas the pattern for Conscientiousness is curvilinear. Neuroticism is generally negatively associated with age. Young people have usually higher scores than old people 9 . Higher levels of extraversion and agreeableness in women compared to men have been consistently observed in prior research. Higher levels of neuroticism were observed in women compared to men 10 . Extroverts behave impulsively than introverts and have strong leadership ability. Women exhibited higher extraversion and lower levels of neuroticism in association with desirable physical activity habits, in line with the previous research 11 . People with high extraversion and conscientiousness are more likely to engage in healthy dietary behaviors. People with high conscientiousness have a high level of awareness, responsibility, and compliance regarding their health promotion behaviors 12 . For success in work, health, and other aspects of life, higher levels in conscientiousness and extraversion and lower levels in neuroticism are important 13 . To assess the impact of socio-demographic factors on different personality types in individual. METHODOLOGY A Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore over a period of 5 months from July to November 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from Sharif Medical Research Center (SMRC) (No. SMDC/SMRC/205-21). The sampling technique used was Convenience sampling. A sample size of 200 was calculated with the help of WHO sample size determination software keeping the confidence level of 95% with anticipated population proportion of 52.86% with teeth clenching and an absolute precision of 0.07 % 14 . All individuals irrespective of their age and gender were included in the study. Individuals with a history of psychiatric illness were excluded from the study. Data was collected using ten item personality inventory scale (TIPI). The sociodemographic variables included age, gender, marital status, occupation and educational level. The Ten Item Personality Inventory scale consisted of a pre- validated self-reported questionnaire 15 . SPSS 23 was used for statistical analysis. P values less than equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Kruskal Wallis test was used to find the difference in personality trait scores among age groups, levels of education and marital status. Mann Whitney U test was used to find the difference in the personality trait scores among gender and status of employment. RESULTS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 participants with a mean age of 24.93±6.759 yeard out of which 29% were males while 71% were females. Table 1 shows that the extraversion personality trait score was the highest for the age