J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(4S)25-29, 2015 © 2015, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com * Corresponding Author: Hassan Delbari, Assistant Professor of Persian language and literature, Hakim Sabzevari University. Hassan_delbary@yahoo.com. Tel: 09151703075 Surrealism Imagery and its Status in Contemporary Persian Poetry Hassan Delbari 1 , Fariba Mehri 2 , Esmail Foroozankia 3 1 Assistant Professor of Persian language and literature, Hakim Sabzevari University 2,3 M.A. in Persian Language and Literature, Hakim Sabzevari University Received: January 12, 2015 Accepted: March 25, 2015 ABSTRACT The aim of the present paper is to survey briefly on the literary school of Surrealism and contextualize its advent, determine the status of which in Persian contemporary literature. The components of this school, its drawbacks with regard to the ideological and cultural context of Iran have been also discussed. It is suggested that today’s poetry in Iran with its unique ideological and cultural properties through its prevalent cultural context has adopted none of all components of world literature and literary schools perfectly. To this end, the core of the present article is to delineate the components of surrealism in Persian literature in concordance with the written works in this context and to explain how and on the basis of what criteria are these features manifested and what are the quality and quantity of them. The main body of the article deals with a description of the influential characteristics of this school in contemporary Persian literature. At the end, it is concluded that in the present poetry of Iran, logical modifications have been experienced to the extent that some extravagant aesthetic concepts (elements) in today’s poetry have been modulated. KEYWORDS: literary schools, Surrealistic Imagery, contemporary literature, today’s poetry INTRODUCTION Surrealism is defined as an inclination towards metaphysical or super empirical reality. It is the attribute of a school in art and literature; it appeared in the early of twentieth century in France. It was welcomed first by painters and writers who followed its principles of that time.( consult to K. Grant, 1992:39).The founders of surrealism believed that<< to create an artistic piece of work, the mind should be free of any logic and wisdom and desire; because the very powers of logic and wisdom limit the conscious of man and mislead him, to this end, the only way to be free of them is to deprive of them in order to enlarge the power of the mind and its imaginary power and help appear the real abilities of man ‘s nature>> (Mirsadeghi, 1992;139). There is almost always an interaction among the creator of an artistic work and his/her conscious and unconscious, in other words, this has been the main origin of many challenges.<<the basic tenets of surrealism are based on this principle that there is a superior world other than our inferior one ;that is the unconscious mind actually.>> (Ried, 1970:92) Surrealism is a school that is against reason, religion and reality .This way of thinking underestimates the ethics, moralities and traditional social norms, it regards them as great obstacles .In the logic of surrealists, there isn’t any superiority of wisdom over imaginative and magic elements(consult to Fatemi, 2000;234), from the viewpoint of surrealistic poets, the aesthetic of poetic imagery is the result of heterogeneous elements, the more different and inconsistent the elements, the more magnificent and imaginative would be the imagery, (consult to Foutohi Rood Ma’jani, 2007;297).Surrealists argue that to link between objects (Phenomena ) and images, one cannot suppose a definite line and boundary between them, every object can co- occur with others and everything that can be imagined in mind, would be valuable in art, even though the nature of such motion and action of a given object(Phenomenon) is unknown for man.(consult Rouyayei, 2007:164) Therefore, <<images in this school are strange, unprecedented, collage, inconsistent, heterogeneous and full of wonderfulness and amazement ;for this very feature, exaggeration in creating fantastic and imaginative imageries in one hand and excessive use of unprecedented and new themes on the other hand are the core aesthetic criteria (principle) in surrealism>>( Zarrin kob, 1985:44) In contemporary poetry of Iran and especially in neoclassical period<< the aim of the poet is to give up what the civilization has presented him, whereby reveal his primary nature again and attain his intellectual mind anew. >> (Khanlari, 1973:2) 1- The foundations of Surrealism school To study what caused the advent of this school, it would be better first to survey the backgrounds of it in Europe. The most significant causes of formation such school are as follow: The First World War, a vast destruction of culture and civilization. The death of many people, the profoundness of disgust, the destruction of the system of values, skepticism, depression, chaos, the emergence of hopelessness and fear, psychic embarrassment ;insisting on “choice and freedom”, the worship of aestheticism and cultural life instead of true religion, the rapid growth of alienation with the advent of industry and production companies, a tendency towards nihilism, the very resultant of which was the formation of an inhumanity of art, the presentation of philosophical views by Henry Bergson and Benito Crèche. The preference and privilege of intuition to wisdom, secularism, appreciating the imagination and imagery, endeavoring to scrutinize the inner nature of human and trying 25