Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5(4): 548-553 (2020) https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0504018 This content is available online at AESA Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science Journal homepage: journals.aesacademy.org/index.php/aaes e-ISSN: 2456-6632 ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: 11 September 2020 Revised received: 15 December 2020 Accepted: 20 December 2020 This study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on production, trade and income of smallholder vegetables growers in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. We made a scenario-based situation analysis of pre-COVID (January to March 2020) and COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown (April to June 2020) situations. The study used a descriptive research design and employed multistage sampling techniques. One hundred forty-fve vegetable growers were surveyed and six focus group discussions were carried out between May to July 2020 in the three municipalities- Chandragiri, Mahalaxmi and Changunarayan of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts respectively. The study showed that the income of smallholders' vegetable growers was decreased by 66.1 percent due to an increase in input price (16.9 percent), a decrease in output price (62.67 percent), and low farm productivity (9.3 percent) in compari- son with the pre-COVID period. This paper has fgured out the impact pathways that caused the income decline of vegetable growers. The primary constraints to smallholder producers were the absence of local aggregators followed by transportation barriers, limited market opening hours, and mobility obstruction and changed consumers' behavior due to lockdown. Majority of the farmers adjusted to the situations by selling their products at lower prices, free distribution to the local inhabitants, and composting and dumping the surpluses. The study concluded that this kind of analysis is necessary to develop resilient supply chains and extend appropriate support to the smallholder farmers who are critical actor to the supply chains. ©2020 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy Keywords COVID-19 Impact pathways Lockdown Vegetable value chain Citation of this article: Gadal, N., Neupane, B., Shrestha, R.B. and Baniya, S. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 induced pandemic on the production, trade, and income of smallholder vegetable growers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 5(4): 548-553, https://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0504018 Effects of COVID-19 induced pandemic on the production, trade, and income of smallholder vegetable growers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Nirmal Gadal 1* , Basanta Neupane 2 , Rudra B. Shrestha 3 and Susan Baniya 2 1 Agriculture Knowledge Center, Lalitpur - 44700, NEPAL 2 Bairen Agro Consultant and Traders, Lalitpur - 44700, NEPAL 3 SARC Agriculture Center, Dhaka - 1215, BANGLADESH * Corresponding author’s E-mail: nirmal.gadal2006@gmail.com INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest national health crisis in Nepal's modern history, which has devastating impacts on the economy and the agricultural sector. To curtail the virus spread, the Government of Nepal announced a lockdown starting from 24 April 2020, encouraging producers, traders, processors, and consumers in the value chain to implement stay-at-home order and public health protocols, including social distancing, which impaired the overall food demand and supply systems of Kathmandu valley. The COVID-19 pandemic has endangered the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide, and the negative impacts of the pandemic on food and nutritional security are deepening globally. This global health crisis is particularly threatening to the global poor, who are already suffering from hunger and malnutrition before the virus hits (Elizabeth Bryan et al., 2020 and UN, 2020). According to FAO and ECLAC (2020), global poverty will increase by 548 million, and there will be an increase in the number of food-insecure people, estimated at 183 million because of the COVID-19. How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutri- tion, and farmers and fshers' livelihoods will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium, and long term (OECD, 2020). Studies have found that the impacts of COVID- ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE