~ 124 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(5): 124-127 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(5): 124-127 Received: 01-07-2019 Accepted: 05-08-2019 Himangini Joshi Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Barkha Rani Department of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT- Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Dr. Dharmendra Meena Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Research Station, Keshwana, Jalore, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India SL Mundra Professor, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Correspondence Himangini Joshi Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Climate smart agriculture (CSA)-building resilience to climate change Himangini Joshi, Barkha Rani, Dr. Dharmendra Meena and SL Mundra Abstract Climate change represents a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Climate- smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach that helps to guide actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support development and ensure food security in a changing climate. CSA aims to tackle three main objectives: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals. It increase nutrient use efficiency, overall agricultural productivity and minimise use of synthetic agrochemicals, reduce environmental pollution by adopting site specific management, remote sensing, nanotechnology and digital agriculture for small as well as large holding farmers. Keywords: Climate smart agriculture, climate change Introduction The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimate that feeding the world population will require a 60 percent increase in total agricultural production. With many of the resources needed for sustainable food security already stretched, the food security challenges are huge. At the same time climate change is already negatively impacting agricultural production globally and locally. Climate risks to cropping, livestock and fisheries are expected to increase in coming decades, particularly in low-income countries where adaptive capacity is weaker (Gollier, 2002) [8] . Impacts on agriculture threaten both food security and agriculture’s pivotal role in rural livelihoods and broad-based development. Also the agricultural sector, if emissions from land use change are also included, generates about one-quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) (Dasgupta, 2006) [3] . Keller, et al., (2007) [13] revealed that climate change involves not only global warming but also other physical changes such as precipitation, the intensity and frequency of storms and the occurrence of droughts and floods. As well, the widespread melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, which would imply a large sea level rise, and changes in the thermohaline circulation (THC) 3 - the global density-driven circulation of the oceans-which would amplify climate change, are considered as two of the main irreversible risks associated with climate change. Temperatures have already increased by an estimated 0.7 °C compared with pre-industrial levels. There is still some controversy on the contribution of anthropogenic GHG emissions to temperature increases. However, the last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) [11] , based on the most recent research in this area, attributes most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century to anthropogenic causes with a probability of more than 90%. One of the most important impacts expected from climate change is to deteriorate health. Its size may be understated since estimates are largely incomplete. The number of additional deaths coming from an increase in temperatures has been estimated only for specific diseases (Malaria, heat- and cold-related cardiovascular mortality, heat-related respiratory mortality) (Ringius, 2002) [24] . Furthermore, the indirect consequences of climate change on health through food availability, water constraints, air quality or conflicts induced by climate change are mainly unknown. Climate change would also have a negative impact on biodiversity and the ecosystem (Klumper, et al., 2014) [14] . Climate change can increase or decrease energy consumption and water resources and demand. The impact is expected to strongly depend on regions, with warm regions being more negatively affected than cooler ones. The movement proves great advantages for adopting climate smart agriculture for example; the use of Smart Farming techniques can optimize the yield of land, creating more output from the same amount of input. Towprayoon, et al., (2008) [27] observed, not only does smart farming optimize, it also utilizes the knowledge of farming professionals by not replacing the traditional farmer but using their knowledge to support decisions and develop indigenous technological skill among farmers.