https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004211026893
Qualitative Inquiry
2021, Vol. 27(10) 1159–1168
© The Author(s) 2021
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DOI: 10.1177/10778004211026893
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Special Issue: Racisms in Qualitative Inquiry: Recognitions and challenges
Introduction
It is safe to argue that no other racial or gender group has
been imagined and studied more deeply in American social
science than the African American
1
male. Since the advent
of this field, Black males’ physical features, belief systems,
and social habits have been examined extensively in the
domain of academic thought. The history of the study of
African American males in social science has two central
features. The first is the conceptualization of Black men and
boys, who in general have not been studied through surveys
or qualitative data but through existing perceptions about
their social and cultural habits. Some social scientists have
conjured up complete fictions about Black male life, while
others have made observations and drawn conclusions by
piecing together bits of American Black male culture as rep-
resentative of Black males’ total experience of social loca-
tion. The two approaches have made different theoretical
assertions to explain Black males’ lives, both with little or
no data to support them. The second feature of social sci-
ence research on African American males is observation
and interviews. Relying largely on qualitative research
methodologies, the intent of this research is either to con-
firm what already has been conceptualized about Black
males or to offer a new way to make sense of their life
experiences.
These qualitative conceptualizations of Black males
have occurred within principled systems of understanding,
or epistemes (Foucault, 2005), which differ according to
time and space. In this article, I focus on four periods of
qualitative description: the ethnological discourse of the
19th and early 20th centuries, the early- to mid-20th-cen-
tury social science literature, studies published from the
1950s to the 1970s, and scholarship from the 1980s to the
present. I argue that, as Black males entered into new sys-
tems of reasoning, the Black male body was examined in
different ways. In exploring this social science history, I
seek a new way to examine Black males in schools and
society. I will show that, whether drawing from flat stereo-
typical narratives or seeking to expand the conceptual
meaning of Black males’ lives, the social science literature
is constrained by an overarching racial narrative. In other
words, whether qualitative description reproduces old ste-
reotypes or creates counter-stories, Black male personhood
has remained defined by a master narrative of “problem.” I
conclude this article by arguing for a different approach to
qualitative descriptions of Black males that move beyond
recycled stories or counter-narratives and on to explore the
unimaginable.
1026893QIX XX X 10.1177/10778004211026893Qualitative InquiryBrown
research-article 2021
1
The University of Texas at Austin, USA
Corresponding Author:
Anthony L. Brown, The University of Texas at Austin, 912 Speedway
Stop D5700 Austin, TX 78712-1293, USA.
Email: anthony_brown@utexas.edu
Qualitative Description and Black
Males: On Race, the Body, and
Researching the Unimaginable
Anthony L. Brown
1
Abstract
In this article, I explore how race and the body are central to social and education research on Black males. The guiding
question of this essay is, How has the Black male body been conceptualized over time through qualitative description? I argue that,
as Black males entered into new systems of reasoning, the Black male body was examined in different ways. Drawing from
Sylvia Wynter’s concept of subjective understanding and David Theo Goldberg’s concept of racial knowledge, I explore
the temporal and spatial meaning of qualitative description in the context of African American males. I conclude this essay
by arguing for a different approach to qualitative description of Black males that moves beyond recycled stories of deficits
or counter-narratives and on to explore the unimaginable.
Keywords
African American studies, ethnicity and race, critical race theory, discourse, politics and culture