This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Automotive Experiences 182 Automotive Experiences Vol. 5 No.2 (2022) pp. 182-216 p-ISSN: 2615-6202 e-ISSN: 2615-6636 Recent Advances in Diesel-Biodiesel Blended with Nano-Additive as Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Detailed Review Ahmed Sule 1,2 , Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff 1 , Mohammed Azman Abbas 1 , Ibham Veza 3 , Anthony C. Opia 1 1 Automotive Development Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2 Automotive and Mechanical Technology Education Section, Technical Education Department, Kogi State College of Education, 1033 Ankpa, Nigeria 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia ahmedsule@graduate.utm.my https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.6352 Published by Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE) Abstract Article Info Submitted: 10/12/2021 Revised: 09/01/2022 Accepted: 12/01/2022 Online first: 18/04/2022 Global emission of gases has increased rapidly due to higher combustion of fossil fuels arising from increasing world population which has led to a greater number of manufacturing industries and ‘on-road vehicle (ORV)’ users. Researchers have attributed cause of global warming to gases emissions which correspondingly lead to climate change with devastating repercussions. Currently, climate change is a general issue and world leaders have been tasked to cut down emissions of gases that directly affect the ecosystem and influence climate change. Biodiesel which is an alternative to fossil fuels face many challenges and to tackle some limitations with biodiesel researchers blends biodiesels in various proportional ratio to diesel fuel. This paper, therefore, concentrates on reviewing the use of additives specifically nano- additives by researchers recently to alter and boost desired characteristics in diesel-biodiesel fuel; it also examines the synthesis of nano-additives; challenges, and advances made. This paper further analysed, reviewed, and compared recent results from nano-additive use with respect to emissions, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and engine power, establishes the merits and demerits of diverse nano-additives, and finally presents a conclusive opinion on nano-additive usage with diesel fuels in diesel engines. Keywords: Biodiesel; Diesel; Emissions; Nano-additive; Efficiency 1. Introduction The increase in world population and corresponding increase in number of on road vehicles (ORV) have led to high cost of fossil fuel as a result of higher demand for the product. The higher demand of the product have the potential to cause energy crisis due to the limited availability [1], this is supported by the report from Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the United State which states that by the year 2035 there will be a global rise in fuel consumption to 110.6 million bbl/day from 86.1 million bbl/day. Another major challenge with fossil fuel is emission issues [2]. The combustion of fossil fuel contributes majorly to emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Emitted GHGs causes air pollution and climatic changes with direct impact on ecosystem from rising temperatures which causes the melting of the polar ice thereby creating a weather distortion and influencing rise in sea level and flooding situations [3], [4]. In addition, health challenges may arise from inhalation of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are produced from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels [5]. Furthermore, over-dependence on fossil fuels have created inequality among nations especially non-oil producing nations [6] that have to be dependent on importation of the product