Vol 1, No 2, 2019, 211-222 DOI: 10.22044/rera.2020.9497.1027 Modeling and Technical Analysis of Solar Tracking System to Find Optimal Angle for Maximum Power Generation using MOPSO Algorithm 5 A. Javaherbakhsh , and 4* , M. Sadeghzadeh 4 , S. H. Delbari 3 , R. Alayi 2 , H. Harasii 1 H. Pourderogar 1. Energy Higher Education Institute of Saveh, Saveh, Iran 2. Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Germi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Germi, Iran 4. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 5. School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Receive Date 24 March 2020; Revised 12 May 2020; Accepted Date 19 May 2020 *Corresponding authors: milad.sadeghzadeh@gmail.com (M. Sadeghzadeh) Abstract In this work, we aim to determine the optimal performance characteristics of a solar tracking system in order to maximize the power generation through using the MOPSO algorithm. Considering the sun path during a day, the necessity of using solar tracking systems to achieve the maximum power output from photovoltaic (PV) panels is investigated. The solar tracking system allows the PV arrays to follow sunlight all day long. The unidirectional tracking system follows the sun path, thereby, optimizing the angular motion of the PV arrays relative to the sun resulting in a higher power generation. In order to evaluate the performance of a PV system, the total solar radiation is calculated first for both the fixed and unidirectional tracking systems. Analyzing the results indicates that for June 20 th , the power generation of the PV module equipped with a unidirectional tracker is 35% higher than the fixed PV module. The optimal value of the declination angle, Azimuth, and arrays’ tilting angles in a unidirectional tracking system calculated using the MOPSO algorithm are 31.8°, 178.2° and 85.1°, respectively. Keywords: Solar tracker, MOPSO algorithm, Photovoltaic systems, Energy analysis. 1. Introduction In today’s world, energy is a primary requirement for the human activities, and dependence on the fossil fuels has been increased more than ever, up to 90% of the global energy consumption supplied from these conventional resources [1]. The limited resources of fossil fuels and the problems associated with greenhouse gas emissions urge attention to employ clean and renewable energy sources [2, 3]. Therefore, the decline in fossil resources has globally propelled the utilization of environmentally friendly renewable energies. Among the renewable resources, solar energy has significantly progressed in the recent years [4, 5]. Distributed Generation (DG) and connecting the produced power to the regional network has been introduced as a practical way for environment protection. This application of power production can be used at the end point of consumption or by proposing a distribution grid through establishment of smart grids and micro-grids to achieve socio- economic benefits for the end-users. In terms of introducing the renewable energy sources for being utilized in smart grid networks, the area of focus is on the photovoltaic (PV) systems [6–9]. The PV module produces zero emission electricity by converting solar power into electricity. The PV systems are becoming more and more attractive between the people and industries. For example, 550,000 new PV farms were constructed in Italy from 2005 to 2013. However, the PV cost is not still competitive with other conventional electricity production technologies. The PV efficiency is defined as a function of output electricity and receiving solar irradiation on panels [10, 11]. Many researchers throughout the world have placed a premium on improving the efficiency of PV modules to benefit the most out of the solar energy. For this aim, the PV technology in parallel to the control systems are investigated to maximize the output efficiency and the output power in every environmental condition. Currently, commercially Si-panels including mono-crystalline-Si and twin- Si are the most utilized panels with a highest efficiency of 17-18%. All the PV systems are armed with a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). This feature helps PV to work at its maximum power all the time through applying various MPPT plans. In addition, installing a sun-