Assessment of Soil Physicochemical Properties along
an Altitude Gradient in High Altitude Region of
Gangotri National Park, Uttarakhand, India
Priyanka Kashyap
1*
, Anjum Nasreen Rizvi
2
and V. P. Uniyal
1
1
Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun – 248001, Uttarakhand, India; 11priyankakashyap@gmail.com
2
Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata – 700053, West Bengal, India
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in the sub-alpine and alpine region of Gangotri valley of Gangotri National Park (GNP)
in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, India. Results showed that selected soils were sandy loam (83%) throughout the
region. Soil reactions (pH) vary from 5.00 – 6.28 and showed acidic to the slightly neutral condition. The mean soil Nitrogen
(N), and Phosphorus (P) content were calculated 0.37 ± 0.02% and 0.35 ± 0.02%. The value of NP first increased and then
decreased along the elevation. Nitrogen and Phosphorus values ranged from 0.01-0.73 and 0.13-0.87. The correlation
analysis among the different soil parameters showed that Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was positively correlated with soil
moisture(r = 0.661, p = 0.038); Phosphorus (r = 0.794, p = 0.006) and Nitrogen (r = 0.964, p = 0). SOC and soil moisture
increases at the middle elevation (3400-3500 m and 3700-3800 m) and further decreases along the elevation. This may
be explained as the impact of long term human influence and altering the natural habitat in the form of a camping spot
for trekkers at this elevation and presence of mixed forest (subalpine deodar, pine, and birch) at 3400-3500 m elevational
range. This baseline information on soil parameters in Gangotri valley may further help in climate change study in the
current scenario of global warming in relation with above ground vegetation and underground soil biota to understand
the soil food web dynamics.
1. Introduction
Te composition of the forest stand and ground cover
is infuenced by the forest soil as it is highly afected by
the soil Nitrogen content (N), Phosphorus (P), and soil
pH
1
. Variation in physiochemical properties of forest soil
occurs due to variation in climate, soil fora and fauna
activities, weathering processes, topography, vegetation
cover and other biotic and abiotic variables. In soil
formation, vegetation plays a key role as plants litter
from aboveground and root detritus below ground are
the major source of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) which
infuences the soil properties such as pH, Soil Organic
Carbon (SOC), soil texture
2
. Changes in soil properties
can be seen with disturbances.
Among all nutrient elements availability of soil,
Phosphorus is known to afect plant production as more
than 80% of the soil Phosphorus gets fxed and become
unavailable for plants
4
. In most ecosystems, Nitrogen is
considered as a primary limiting micronutrient but in
higher altitude alpine and temperate regions availability
of Phosphorus may act as a primary limiting element
10
.
It has been found that the availability/concentration
of Phosphorus in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)
vegetation is less than the other high altitude forests in
the world
17
. Work has been done on soil characteristics
and classifcation in various regions of IHR by many
workers
3,5,7,8,11,12
. Te literature on soil characterization
reveals that data has been documented mainly for the
lesser Himalayan region in Himachal Pradesh and
*Author for correspondence
©2020 Te Academy of Environmental Biology, India
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 20(3&4), DOI: 10.18311/jeoh/2020/26028, 134–139, July–December 2020
ISSN (Print): 0972-4397
ISSN (Online): 0974-0805
Keywords: Elevation Gradient, Gangotri National Park (GNP), High Altitude Soil, Indian Himalayan Region,
Physicochemical Properties