International Journal of Nephrology and Urological Disorders Volume 1 Issue 1, December 2017 Sartaj Ahmad et al. (2017), Is any high Incidence of Kidney and Urinary Stones during the RamadanFasting? : A Review study. Int J Nep & UroDis. 1:1, 11-14. DOI: 10.25141/2577-0152-2017-1.0011 International Journal of Nephrology and Urological Disorders Is any High Incidence of Kidney and Urinary Stones during the Ramadan Fasting? : A Review study Review Article Open Access 11 Sartaj Ahmad *1 , Bhawana Pant 2 , Arvind Kumar Shukla 3 1 Associate Professor (Medical Sociology), Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, UP 2 Professor (Community Medicine) Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, UP 3 Assistant Professor (Biostatistics) Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, UP Corresponding author: Sartaj Ahmad, Associate Professor (Medical Sociology), Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, UP, Tel: 09897093882, Email: sartajsaleem@gmail.com Copyright: ©2017 Sartaj Ahmad et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Citation: Sartaj Ahmad et al. (2017), Is any high Incidence of Kidney and Urinary Stones during the Ramadan Fasting? : A Review study. Int J Nep & Uro Dis. 1:1, 11-14. DOI: 10.25141/2577-0152-2017-1.0011 Received: December 12, 2017; Accepted: December 21, 2017; Published: December 30, 2017 Introduction: Abstact Fasting is considered as one of the most important religious and social practices of Islam, Numerous biological and behavioral changes occur in some people who observe the fast in Ramadan and some researchers believe that urinary stone increases during this month. Some believe that increased incidence of urinary stones in Ramadan is not related to fasting, but to the rise of weather temperature in hot months, and an increase in humidity. After reviewing some studies about the relationship of urinary stones and their incidence in Ramadan are not alike and are even sometimes contradictory. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of fasting on kidney and urinary stones. Keywords: Fasting; Ramadan; Kidney and Urinary Stones Before the birth of Jesus, there were common surgeries found in- cluded circumcision, piercing the skull and bladder stone. The oath of Hippocrates has said, “Do not operate on bladder stones and leave it to its people.” The frst bladder stone presented at the En- glish surgery museum belonged to a young 16-year-old Egyptian who lived in 4800 BC, in a region called ‘Almra’. [1] The frst ever history of urinary stones have afficted humankind since antiquity. The earliest recorded example of bladder and kidney stones detect- ed in Egyptian mummies dated 2488 B.C. [2] Urolithiasis has been a well-known condition for a long time. Some countries, located on “kidney stone belt”, have high rates of urinary stones. This belt starts from Turkey, Iraq, and Iran and expands to Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Thailand, and Australia. Environment temperature, atmospheric pressure, and sunlight are important factors in causing stone, but among these factors, the most signifcant one is the environment temperature. [3] In most countries with a relatively high incidence of renal calculi due to climate, environmental temperature, global warming, local geology with hydro mineralogy and sanitation increased the risk of urinary stone. There are concerns about the impact of dehy- dration and the subsequent renal hypoperfusion during Ramadan fasting for patients with renal diseases. This concern particularly arises when Ramadan month occurs during hot and dry summers with long daytime duration. All the world’s religions recommend a period of fasting, and of these, one whole month of intermittent fasting every year is particular to Islam. Muslims have two meals, one immediately after sunset and the other just before dawn with a period of fasting ranging from 11-18 hours. During Ramadan in summer, a maximum number of patients with renal colic refers to hospitals every day. [4] Quran said, O’ Believers! Fasting has been written upon you as it was upon those before you to make you righteous. A few days (you should fast) and whosoever of you is ill or a traveler, (fast) some other days, and for those who fasting is exhausting (e.g. those with chronic diseases, aged men, and women), they need to atone, and fasting is better for you if you know. [5] According to Islam, sick people are exempted from fasting especially people with chron- ic diseases as diabetics, hypertensive, hepatic and renal patients, ISSN 2577-0152