International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives
ISSN: 2577-7750
Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 43-60.
2022
DOI: 10.33094/ijssp.v10i2.598
© 2022 by the authors; licensee Online Academic Press, USA
43
© 2022 by the authors; licensee Online Academic Press, USA
The Relationship between Domestic Credit, Financial Development and Economic Growth
in the Gambia
Ismaila Y Jammeh
Department of Economics, Management
and Industrial Engineering, University
of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Email: isma.jammeh@ua.pt
Licensed:
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Keywords:
Domestic credit
Financial development
Economic growth
VAR
The Gambia.
Received: 5 May 2022
Revised: 17 June 2022
Accepted: 30 June 2022
Published: 14 July 2022
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between domestic credit availability
to the private sector, financial development and economic growth in the
Gambia from 1967 to 2020. Financial development has been a crucial
driver of economic growth by channelling funds from those with financial
resources, who lack the business investment ideas to those with investment
decisions but lack the resources to kick start their investment ideas. The
development of this sector will not only promote economic growth but will
create confidence for lenders in providing funds to investors and these
funds will be monitored to ensure they’re used in productive projects to
prevent defaults and financial crises. The study employed a VAR analysis
to examine the relationship between these variables. However, given the
lack of data on financial development, the ratio of broad money to GDP
and the ratio of domestic credit to the private sector to GDP was used as
a measure of financial development. The result shows that financial
development has a direct impact on the changing amount of domestic
credit available for the private sector. Although the availability of domestic
credit to the private sector has little impact on economic growth, this
seemingly small impact will significantly improve further economic
growth in the Gambia. Therefore, policymakers should put more effort
into developing and improving the credibility of the financial sectors in
the Gambia which will create confidence in lenders and thus monitor the
activities of credit borrowers if those credits are used productively.
Funding: This study received no specific financial support.
Competing Interests: The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest in publishing this article.
1. Introduction
Financial development has been a fundamental driver of modern economic growth and development and a
crucial factor in minimizing corruption and embezzlement. The role financial development plays in international
trade and channelling funds from lenders to investors cannot be ignored. The catastrophic impact of the global
financial crisis revealed that weak financial development can be detrimental to sectoral performance and
economic growth. This catastrophic event also illustrated that financial development goes beyond having
numerous financial intermediaries and infrastructure. In addition, it is crucial to have robust policies in place for
supervision and regulation of the financial sector and investment decisions of borrowers.
According to the World Bank (2012) the financial sector is comprised of a set of institutions, markets and
regulatory frameworks which reduces costs in the financial system by facilitating transactions. Reducing the
cost of transactions in this sector will provide information, monitor investments and make trading easier,
efficient and encourage savings. Financial development promotes economic growth by channelling savings to
investors who have business ideas but lack the funds to implement those ideas or expand their existing
businesses. Without the appropriate funds, some of the basic benefits of business, including employment
opportunities, capital accumulation and technological progress may not be possible. Another benefit of the
development of the financial sector is the inflows of foreign investment. This benefit has great potential to
alleviate poverty and reduce inequality by providing access to finance enterprises which has a crucial role in
economic development in emerging economies (World Bank, 2012).
Sipahutar, Oktaviani, Siregar, and Juanda (2016) also support the view that credit provided by banks and
other financial institutions has a positive correlation with productivity and capital per worker. It was also stated