Citation: Aldobali, M.; Pal, K.; Chhabra, H.S. Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle as a Predicting Indicator in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Mater. Proc. 2022, 10, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ materproc2022010002 Academic Editors: Sudipta Das, K. Vasu Babu, Samrat Paul and Kunal Chakraborty Published: 14 July 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Proceeding Paper Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle as a Predicting Indicator in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury † Mahmood Aldobali 1, * , Kirti Pal 1 and Harvinder Singh Chhabra 2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201310, India; kirti.pal@gbu.ac.in 2 Department of Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi 110070, India; drhschhabra@isiconline.org * Correspondence: mmmaldobali@gmail.com † Presented at the International Conference on Innovative Research in Renewable Energy Technologies, West Bengal, India, 16–17 March 2022. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive value of phase angle (PhA) in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). This study includes 104 participants (52 for each group) of SCI patients and healthy subjects (HS) treated at the Indian Spinal Injury Centre (ISIC, New Delhi, India) between October 2020 and March 2021 A cross-sectional study was operated Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) at 50 kHz and measured the prognostic effect of PhA on participants. An independent- sample t-test was used to estimate PhA between groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves predicted the PhA cutoff and Youden’s index. There was a significant difference in PhA of gender, with p < 0.0001, a difference (2.40), 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.10 to 2.80), median (4.70) for the SCI group, and (7.1) for HS, respectively. In contrast, PhA was significantly different in males with p < 0.0001, a difference (2.60), 95% CI (3.00 to 2.10), median (5.0) for SCI, and (7.30) for HS, respectively. Similarly, PhA was significantly different in females, with p < 0.0001, a difference (1.9881), 95 % CI of difference (1.3565 to 2.6197), median (6.60) for SCI, and (4.40) for HS, respectively, as well as PhA cutoff values for SCI (female ≤ 4.4 ◦ ; male ≤ 4.7 ◦ ). The outcomes indicate a difference between groups of people with SCI and HS across the groups of gender, with a lower PhA in people with SCI. Keywords: bioelectrical impedance analysis; phase angle; spinal cord injury; rehabilitation 1. Introduction The prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) in road traffic accidents (RTA) and falls has grown significantly over the past few decades, especially among young in- dividuals [1]. Individuals with SCI have an effective functional disability of their upper and lower limbs, significantly impacting their everyday routine [2,3]. With immobility, persons with SCI lose a lot of skeletal muscle mass (SMM), significantly below the level of the injury. This reduces resting energy expenditure and increases total body and visceral fat mass [4,5]. Persons with SCI are predisposed to muscular atrophy, immobility, and increased fat penetration due to lack of physical activity [6]. Thus, according to clinical evidence, adverse changes in body composition after an acute SCI might significantly im- pact therapy, total body energy metabolism, muscle architecture, components, and health condition [7,8]. Therefore, a simple technique for assessing changes in body composition in persons with SCI in outpatient settings is required. There are few useful and practical tech- niques for estimating SCI patients’ BC changes [7,9]. Non-invasive approaches for assessing BC in people with SCI are essential for clinical rehabilitation. These techniques, which include “Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Dual-X Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Anthropometric Index, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Waist Circumference, and Computed Tomography (CT),” are deemed more appropriate for investigative purposes [10–12]. BIA, which provides Mater. Proc. 2022, 10, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022010002 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materproc