25 Biomass Conversion Processes For Energy Recovery Massoud Kayhanian and George Tchobanoglous University of California at Davis Robert C. Brown Iowa State University 25.1 Energy Recovery by Anaerobic Digestion ........................ 25-2 Introduction † Organic Wastes and Biomass Used as Feed- stocks in Anaerobic Digestion Process † The Issue of Biodegradability † Fundamental of Anaerobic Digestion † Monitoring of the Anaerobic Digestion Process † Reactor Types Used for Anaerobic Digestion † Modes of Operation for Anaerobic Digestion † Utilization of By-Products from In-Vessel Anaerobic Digestion Process † Commercial-Scale In-Vessel Anaerobic Digestion Technologies References ....................................................................................... 25-34 25.2 Power Generation............................................................. 25-37 Introduction † Direct Combustion † Combustion Equip- ment † Thermal Gasification † Stirling Cycle † Rankine Cycle † Brayton Cycle † Fuels Cells † Combined Cycles References ....................................................................................... 25-50 25.3 Biofuels.............................................................................. 25-51 Introduction † Ethanol † Ethanol from Starch Crops † Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks † Biodiesel † Transportation Fuels from Biomass-Derived Syngas References ....................................................................................... 25-65 25-1 q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC