BENDING RESPONSE OF A 100nm THICK FREE
STANDING ALUMINUM CANTILEVER BEAM
M. Taher A. Saif and Aman Haque
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois
1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, saiffuiuc.edu
ABSTRACT
A micro instrument is developed to apply force on free standing cantilever samples with
suborm thickness. The objective is to study the effect of small thickness on the strength
of materials when subjected to bending. The instrument consists of a MEMS actuator,
2mm x 3mm in size, and 20pm deep. It is employed to study an annealed Al cantilever
sample, ll0nm thick, 2[im wide and 15tm long, fabricated by evaporation. The sample
yields at 841MPa during the first cycle of loading. It is then unloaded and reloaded,
when yielding occurs at 1200MPa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported
experiment on free standing submicron metal film subjected to bending.
INTRODUCTION
It is generally accepted that materials' behavior depends on its characteristic lengths,
such as grain size and distance between obstacles for dislocation motion [1]. For example,
yield strength of Al increases as the grain size decreases [2]. Materials strength may also
depend on the size of the specimen, [3, 4], such as hardness increases with decreasing inden-
ters size. Several models have been proposed to relate materials strength with characteristic
size. For example, Hall-Petch equation relates yield strength with grain size [5, 6]. The
effect of the sample size on strength has been accounted for by introducing a characteristic
length and by relating stress with strain and the strain gradient [4, 7]. More recently, a
mechanism based strain gradient plasticity theory has been proposed [8] to account for the
size effect on strength. A major difficulty in exploring the dimensional effect on strength
is experimentation with small samples, such as free standing thin films. The difficulty lies
in the instrumentation that can treat small samples. Only a few of such experiments have
been carried out. For example, strain gradient effects have been studied in [4] by twisting a
copper wire 12-30pnm in diameter, in [9] by bending Ni foils, 12-50 pim thick, around a small
diameter cylindrical mandril. These experiments, as well as nanoindentation experiments
[10], reveal the strain gradients effects on strength.
In this paper we develop microinstrumentation, based on MEMS (micro electro mechan-
ical systems) technology, to study free standing films with thickness of micron to submicron
dimension subjected to bending. The instrumentation is small and allows insitu experi-
mentation in analytical chambers such as SEM and TEM under different environmental
conditions to investigate the mechanisms of strengthening. The instrument is applied to
study ll0nm thick free standing Al film. A significant increase in strength has been ob-
served.
MICRO INSTRUMENTATION
Figure 1 shows the schematic of the microinstrument and the sample. The instrument
consists of a MEMS electrostatic comb drive [11] actuator fabricated by the SCREAM
process [12]. The structure of the device is made from single crystal silicon (SCS) coated
by a thin layer (.25 tim) of silicon dioxide and Al. The actuator is 20PiM deep, and spans
an area of 2mrm x 3mm. The interdigitated comb drives are 2 pim wide and have a gap
of 2.5 frm between each other. The movable part of the actuator, consisting of a rigid
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Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 594 © 2000 Materials Research Society