1
Efficient reduction of graphene oxide using Tin-powder and its
electrochemical performances for energy storage electrode material
Nam Hoon Kim,
a
Partha Khanra,
a
Tapas Kuila,
b
Joong Hee Leea,
c,d*
a
WCU Program, Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University,
Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
b
Surface Engineering & Tribology Division, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research
Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Mahatma Gandhi Avenue,
Durgapur -713209, India
c
BIN Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer & Nano Engineering, Chonbuk
National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
d
Department of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju,
Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
*
Correspondence to: Prof. Joong Hee Lee( jhl@jbnu.ac.kr)
Table S1 Comparison of properties of reduced GOs produced by various reducing agents
Reducing agent
Temperature
(
o
C)
Reduction
Time
C:O ratio
by XPS
(atomic ratio)
Electrical
conductivity
(S m
-1
)
Specific
capacitance
(F g
-1
)
Reference
No
Al(powder)/ HCl RT 30 min 18.6 2,100 ------- 1
Al(foil)/HCl RT 6 h 21.11 12,530 ------- 2
Al(foil)/NaOH RT 30 min 5.35 1,120 -------
2
Fe(powder)/ HCl RT 6 h 7.9 2,300 ------- 3
Zn(powder)/
ammonia
RT 10 min 8.05 2,160
116
at 0.05 A g
-1 4
Zn(filings)/H
2
SO
4
RT 2 h 21.2 3,416 176 5
Zn(powder)/NaOH RT 20 min 17.96 7,540 ------- 2
Zn(powder)/
neutral
solutions in the
presence of EDTA*
RT
1 min
Ultrasonic
ation
33 14,200 ------- 6
Zn(powder)/NaOH RT
1 min
Ultrasonic
ation
31.2 13,500 -------
6
Zn(powder)/NaOH RT 6 h 6.02 ------- 7
Zn(powder)/NaOH 100 6 h 7.39 -------
7
Zn(powder)/HCl RT 30 min 8.2 650 ------- 8
Ni(powder)/HCl RT 24 h ------- 9
Mg(ribbons )/HCl RT 5 min 10.12 ------- 10
NaBH
4
RT 2 h 8.6 45 ------- 11
Hydrazine hydrate 100 24 h 10.3 ~200 ------- 12
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013